Table 1. Demographics and Associated Comorbidities. The List of Comorbidities Include Duplicate Patients with Multiple Comorbidities.

From: Evaluation of the Molding Helmet Therapy for Japanese Infants with Deformational Plagiocephaly

No.of Patients (%)
Total patients who visited the clinic 387 100%
Normal skull 6 (1.6%)
Pathological Conditions 13 (3.4%)
 Craniosynostosis (incl.susp) 10 (2.6%)
  Sagittal synostosis 1 (0.3%)
  Right coronal synostosis 1 (0.3%)
  Metopic synostosis 1 (0.3%)
  Bilateral almboid synostosis 1 (0.3%)
  Lost to follow up 2 (0.5%)
  Ruled out 4 (1.0%)
 Other head deformities 4 (1.0%)
  Macrocephaly 1 (0.3%)
  21 trisomy 1 (0.3%)
  Dolichocephaly due to transverse uterine position 1 (0.3%)
 Calcified Cephalohematoma 1 (0.3%)
DP & DB 366 100%
Assoicated with comorbidities 48 (13.1%)
 Torticollis 19 (5.2%)
 Ear deformities (microtia, folded ear, crypt ear) 11 (3.0%)
 Cleft lip /palate 4 (1.1%)
 Calcified Cephalohematoma 4 (1.1%)
 Dolichocephaly due to breech position 5 (1.4%)
 Strabismus 1 (0.3%)
 Congenital nystagmus 1 (0.3%)
 Cerebral infarction 1 (0.3%)
 Atlantoaxial subluxation 1 (0.3%)
 Hemangioma 1 (0.3%)
 CHARGE Syndrome 1 (0.3%)
 Connective Tissue Disease with heart failure (unspecified) 1 (0.3%)
 Acetabular dysplasia 1 (0.3%)
Table 2. Treatment Results. Values are Number of Patients Unless Stated Otherwise. Values before and after are Compared Using Paired T-test.

From: Evaluation of the Molding Helmet Therapy for Japanese Infants with Deformational Plagiocephaly

Outcomes Classification Definition Before Helmet (%) After Helmet (%) p-value
Argenta type non-DP 0 0.00% 24 (15.1%)
I 7 (4.4%) 51 (32.1%)
II 8 (5.0%) 50 (31.4%)
III 49 (30.8%) 15 (9.4%)
IV 69 (43.4%) 18 (11.3%)
V 15 (9.4%) 1 (0.6%)
VI 11 (6.9%) 0 (0.0%)
average: type (SD) 3.7 (SD 1.1) 1.7 (SD 1.2) p < 0.001
CA normal 0-4 0 (0.0%) 34 (21.4%)
mild 5-9 7 (4.4%) 79 (49.7%)
moderate 10-14 46 (28.9%) 74 (46.5%)
severe 15-19 66 (41.5%) 6 (3.8%)
very severe = > 20 40 (25.2%) 0 (0.0%)
average: CA (SD) 16.3 (SD 4.2) 7.7 (SD 3.5) p <0.001
CVAI normal 0-4 2.0 (1.3%) 68.0 (42.8%)
mild 5-6 3 (1.9%) 27 (17.0%)
moderate 7-9 34 (21.4%) 59 (37.1%)
severe 10-13 58 (36.5%) 5 (3.1%)
very severe = > 14 62 (39.0%) 0 (0.0%)
average: CVAI (SD) 12.9% (SD 3.6) 5.4% (SD 2.4) p < 0.001
CI dolicho = < 78 8 (5.1%) 7 4%
meso 79-94 70 (44.3%) 127 80%
brachy = > 95 4 (46.8%) 23 9%
average: CI (SD) 93.5 (SD 8.3) 88.7 (SD 5.6) p < 0.001
Table 3. Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis. Treatment Time was the Only Factor That Reached Statistical Significance.

From: Evaluation of the Molding Helmet Therapy for Japanese Infants with Deformational Plagiocephaly

coefficient standard error p-value
intercept 3.55 6.98 0.6125
treatment period (week) -0.40 0.08 <.0001*
age (week) 0.09 0.06 0.1086
head circumference (mm) 0.02 0.02 0.2389
pre-Argenta 1 0
2 -0.55 2.03 0.7871
3 2.06 1.60 0.1977
4 2.32 1.57 0.1418
5 1.71 1.80 0.3427
treatment period (week)
× pre-Argenta
1 0
2 -0.02 0.12 0.8612
3 0.00 0.09 0.989
4 0.05 0.08 0.5216
5 0.10 0.09 0.2753
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