Table 1. Characteristics of Study Participants (n = 1,343).

From: Associations between Depressive Symptoms, Work Environment, and Lifestyle in <40-year-old Male Orthopedic Physicians in Japan

Characteristic variables n (%)
Age (years)
 25-29 202 (15.0)
 30-39 1,141 (85.0)
Total working hours per week at the main medical institution where one works
 <50 135 (10.1)
 50-59 285 (21.2)
 60-69 351 (26.1)
 70-79 241 (17.9)
 80-99 188 (14.0)
 ≥100 143 (10.6)
Number of times on night duty in the previous
month at the main medical institution where one works
 None 94 (7.0)
 1-4 times 1,047 (78.0)
 5 times or more 202 (15.0)
Number of times on call in the previous month at the main medical institution where one works
 None 279 (20.8)
 1-4 times 502 (37.4)
 5-9 times 363 (27.0)
 ≥10 199 (14.8)
Number of unreasonable patients demands and complaints in the previous 6 months
 None 709 (52.8)
 More than once 634 (47.2)
Current smoking status
 Smoke 173 (12.9)
 Do not smoke 1,170 (87.1)
Number of sweating-inducing exercise sessions of ≥30 min per week in the previous month
 None 690 (51.3)
 1-2 times 546 (40.7)
 3-4 times 87 (6.5)
 Almost every day 20 (1.5)
Average hours of sleep per day other than the night duty in the previous month
 <6 505 (37.6)
 ≥6 838 (62.4)
The score on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS)
 0-5 1,014 (75.5)
 6-10 239 (17.8)
 11-15 77 (5.7)
 16-20 10 (0.7)
 21-27 3 (0.3)
Table 2. Associations between Depressive State (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score ≥11) and Other Variables among Male Orthopedic Physicians <40 Years Old in Japan (n = 1,343).

From: Associations between Depressive Symptoms, Work Environment, and Lifestyle in <40-year-old Male Orthopedic Physicians in Japan

Variables In depressive state
(QIDS Score ≥11)
Not in depressive state
(QIDS Score <11)
n = 90 (%) n = 1,253 (%)
Total working hours per week at the main medical
institution where one works
 <50 3 (3.3) 132 (10.5)
 50-59 9 (10.0) 276 (22.0)
 60-69 17 (18.9) 334 (26.7)
 70-79 15 (16.7) 226 (18.0)
 80-99 20 (22.2) 168 (13.4)
 ≥100 26 (28.9) 117 (9.3)
Number of times on night duty in the previous month
at the main medical institution where one works
 None 5 (5.6) 89 (7.1)
 1-4 times 63 (70.0) 984 (78.5)
 ≥5 times 22 (24.4) 180 (14.4)
Number of times on call in the previous month at
the main medical institution where one works
 None 14 (15.6) 265 (21.1)
 1-4 times 32 (35.6) 470 (37.5)
 5-9 times 21 (23.3) 342 (27.3)
 ≥10 times 23 (25.6) 176 (14.0)
Number of unreasonable patients demands
and complaints in the previous 6 months
 None 37 (41.1) 672 (53.6)
 More than once 53 (58.9) 581 (46.4)
Current smoking status
 Smoke 26 (28.9) 147 (11.7)
 Do not smoke 64 (71.1) 1106 (88.3)
Number of sweating-inducing exercise sessions
of ≥30 min per week in the previous month
 None 66 (73.3) 624 (49.8)
 1-2 times 21 (23.3) 525 (41.9)
 3-4 times 2 (2.2) 85 (6.8)
 Almost every day 1 (1.1) 19 (1.5)
Average hours of sleep per day other than
the night duty in the previous month
 <6 53 (58.9) 452 (36.1)
 ≥6 37 (41.1) 801 (63.9)
Table 3. Univariate and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analyses for Factors Associated with Depressive State (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score ≥11) among Male Orthopedic Physicians Aged <40 Years Old in Japan (n = 1,343).

From: Associations between Depressive Symptoms, Work Environment, and Lifestyle in <40-year-old Male Orthopedic Physicians in Japan

Variables In depressive state
Crude OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Total working hours per week at the main
medical institution where one works
 <50 0.45 (0.13-1.55) 0.49 (0.13-1.76)
 50-59 0.64 (0.28-1.46) 0.75 (0.31-1.76)
 60-69 ref ref
 70-79 1.30 (0.64-2.66) 1.34 (0.63-2.86)
 80-99 2.34 (1.19-4.58) 2.06 (1.02-4.18)
 ≥100 4.37 (2.29-8.33) 3.89 (1.92-7.88)
Number of times on night duty in the previous
month at the main medical institution where one works
 None 0.88 (0.34-2.24) 1.11 (0.41-3.00)
 1-4 times ref ref
 ≥5 times 1.91 (1.15-3.18) 1.74 (0.96-3.11)
Number of times on call in the previous month
at the main medical institution where one works
 None 0.78 (0.40-1.48) 0.80 (0.40-1.60)
 1-4 times ref ref
 5-9 times 0.90 (0.51-1.59) 0.76 (0.41-1.42)
 ≥10 times 1.92 (1.09-3.37) 1.84 (0.98-3.46)
Number of unreasonable patients demands
and complaints in the previous 6 months
 None ref ref
 More than once 1.67 (1.07-2.56) 1.61 (1.00-2.60)
Current smoking status
 Smoke 3.06 (1.88-4.98) 2.98 (1.74-5.09)
 Do not smoke ref ref
Number of sweat-inducing exercise
sessions of ≥30 min per week in the previous month
 None 2.64 (1.60-4.38) 2.50 (1.47-4.26)
 1-2 times ref ref
 3-4 times 0.59 (0.14-2.55) 0.65 (0.14-2.94)
 Almost every day 1.32 (0.17-10.3) 1.82 (0.21-15.3)
Average hours of sleep per day other than the
night duty in the previous month
 <6 2.54 (1.64-3.92) 2.15 (1.34-3.44)
 ≥6 ref ref
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