| Attended a follow-up visit | Did not attend a follow-up visit | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 6,052) | (n = 27,451) | (n = 33,503) | |
| Age, median (IQR), year | 67 (61-70) | 66 (58-69) | 66 (59-69) |
| Sex (female) | 3,805 (62.9) | 15,909 (58.0) | 19,714 (58.8) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | |||
| <25 | 4,362 (72.1) | 20,062 (73.1) | 24,424 (72.9) |
| 25-30 | 1,465 (24.2) | 6,482 (23.6) | 7,947 (23.7) |
| ≥30 | 225 (3.7) | 907 (3.3) | 1,132 (3.4) |
| Current smoker, yes | 810 (13.4) | 4,271 (15.6) | 5,081 (15.2) |
| Frequency of alcohol consumption | |||
| Every day | 1,140 (18.8) | 5,704 (20.8) | 6,844 (20.4) |
| Occasionally | 1,180 (19.5) | 5,863 (21.4) | 7,043 (21.0) |
| Rarely | 3,732 (61.7) | 15,884 (57.9) | 19,616 (58.6) |
| Symptoms, yes | 1,939 (32.0) | 7,458 (27.2) | 9,397 (28.1) |
| Health checkup results | |||
| Hypertension | 1,738 (28.7) | 7,022 (25.6) | 8,760 (26.2) |
| Hyperglycemia | 619 (10.2) | 1,427 (5.2) | 2,046 (6.1) |
| Liver dysfunction | 571 (9.4) | 1,984 (7.2) | 2,555 (7.6) |
| Proteinuria | 227 (3.8) | 501 (1.8) | 728 (2.2) |
| Glycosuria | 200 (3.3) | 463 (1.7) | 663 (2.0) |
| Number of dyslipidemias at the health checkup | |||
| 1 | 5,798 (95.7) | 26,460 (96.4) | 32,253 (96.3) |
| 2 | 251 (4.2) | 951 (3.5) | 1,202 (3.6) |
| 3 | 8 (0.1) | 40 (0.2) | 48 (0.1) |
| Place of health checkups | |||
| Public facility | 4,664 (77.1) | 22,230 (81.0) | 26,894 (80.3) |
| Medical institution | 1,388 (22.9) | 5,221 (19.0) | 6,609 (19.7) |
| Prior prescriptions within one year before the health checkup | |||
| Antihypertensive | 1,041 (17.2) | 2,760 (10.1) | 3,801 (11.4) |
| Antidiabetic | 47 (0.8) | 125 (0.5) | 172 (0.5) |
| Antigout | 110 (1.8) | 277 (1.0) | 387 (1.2) |
| Antidepressant | 171 (2.8) | 418 (1.5) | 589 (1.8) |
| Number of months of physician visits in the previous year, median (IQR), month | 4 (1-8) | 3 (1-6) | 3 (1-6) |
| Result of the health checkup in the previous fiscal year | |||
| Dyslipidemia | 3,244 (53.6) | 15,779 (57.5) | 19,023 (56.8) |
| No dyslipidemia | 1,220 (20.2) | 5,730 (20.9) | 6,950 (20.7) |
| No health checkup in the previous year | 1,588 (26.2) | 5,942 (21.7) | 7,530 (22.5) |
| Proportion, % | |
|---|---|
| Type of dyslipidemia | |
| LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dL | 17.9 (5,573/31,084) |
| LDL-C 140-160 mg/dL | 15.7 (2,624/16,723) |
| LDL-C 160-180 mg/dL | 18.6 (1,655/8,886) |
| LDL-C ≥ 180 mg/dL | 23.6 (1,294/5,475) |
| TG ≥ 300 mg/dL | 20.7 (574/2,779) |
| HDL-C ≤ 34 mg/dL | 18.3 (172/938) |
| Combination of dyslipidemia | |
| One type | 18.0 (5,793/32,253) |
| High LDL-C only | 17.9 (5,371/30,079) |
| High TG only | 20.1 (333/1,654) |
| Low HDL-C only | 17.1 (89/520) |
| Two types | 20.9 (251/1,202) |
| High LDL-C and High TG | 21.2 (176/832) |
| High LDL-C and Low HDL-C | 14.4 (18/125) |
| High TG and Low HDL-C | 23.3 (57/245) |
| High LDL-C, High TG, and Low HDL-C | 16.7 (8/48) |
| n = 33,503 | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Predisposing factors | ||
| Age group (years) (ref. 40-49 years old) | ||
| 50-59 | 1.28*** (1.11-1.46) | 1.24** (1.09-1.42) |
| 60-69 | 1.62*** (1.46-1.79) | 1.49*** (1.35-1.63) |
| 70-74 | 1.86*** (1.62-2.14) | 1.63*** (1.43-1.86) |
| Male sex | 0.81*** (0.76-0.87) | 0.79*** (0.74-0.85) |
| Enabling factors | ||
| Place of health checkups (ref. medical institution) | ||
| Public facility | 0.79*** (0.73-0.85) | 0.89* (0.83-0.96) |
| Number of months of physician visits in the previous year | 1.08*** (1.07-1.09) | 1.07*** (1.06-1.08) |
| Number of medical institutions in the municipality per 1,000 population | 1.36 (0.94-1.97) | 1.12 (0.77-1.63) |
| Need factors | ||
| Symptoms, yes | 1.26*** (1.18-1.35) | 1.17*** (1.10-1.25) |
| BMI (kg/m2) (ref. < 25) | ||
| 25-30 | 1.04 (0.98-1.10) | 0.95 (0.90-1.01) |
| ≥30 | 1.14* (1.004-1.30) | 0.96 (0.84-1.10) |
| Health checkup results | ||
| Hypertension (ref. no hypertension) | 1.17*** (1.09-1.25) | 1.08* (1.01-1.15) |
| Hyperglycemia (ref. no hyperglycemia) | 2.08*** (1.85-2.34) | 1.89*** (1.66-2.16) |
| Liver dysfunction (ref. no liver dysfunction) | 1.34*** (1.19-1.50) | 1.43*** (1.28-1.59) |
| Proteinuria (ref. no proteinuria) | 2.10*** (1.77-2.49) | 1.73*** (1.44-2.07) |
| Glycosuria (ref. no glycosuria) | 1.99*** (1.64-2.41) | 1.32** (1.07-1.61) |
| Prior prescriptions within one year before the health checkup | ||
| Antihypertensive (ref. no antihypertensive) | 1.86*** (1.68-2.05) | 1.22*** (1.09-1.35) |
| Antidiabetic (ref. no antidiabetic) | 1.71** (1.15-2.54) | 0.57* (0.36-0.90) |
| Antigout (ref. no antigout) | 1.82*** (1.46-2.26) | 1.35* (1.07-1.71) |
| Antidepressant (ref. no antidepressant) | 1.88*** (1.59-2.22) | 1.32* (1.10-1.58) |
| Result of the health checkup in the previous fiscal year (ref. no dyslipidemia) | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 0.97 (0.91-1.02) | 0.996 (0.94-1.05) |
| No health checkup in the previous fiscal year | 1.26*** (1.15-1.37) | 1.36*** (1.26-1.47) |
| Number of dyslipidemias at the health checkup | 1.17** (1.05-1.30) | 1.14* (1.01-1.29) |
| Health behaviors | ||
| Current smoking, yes | 0.84** (0.76-0.93) | 0.97 (0.88-1.08) |
| Frequency of alcohol consumption (ref. rarely) | ||
| Every day | 0.85*** (0.79-0.92) | 0.92 (0.85-1.002) |
| Occasionally | 0.86*** (0.80-0.92) | 0.91* (0.85-0.98) |
| n = 31,084 | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Predisposing factors | ||
| Age group (years) (ref. 40-49 years old) | ||
| 50-59 | 1.28*** (1.12-1.47) | 1.22** (1.06-1.42) |
| 60-69 | 1.62*** (1.45-1.82) | 1.49*** (1.33-1.66) |
| 70-74 | 1.88*** (1.62-2.17) | 1.65*** (1.42-1.91) |
| Male sex | 0.79*** (0.74-0.84) | 0.81*** (0.76-0.86) |
| Enabling factors | ||
| Place of health checkups (ref. medical institution) | ||
| Public facility | 0.79*** (0.73-0.86) | 0.86*** (0.80-0.93) |
| Number of months of physician visits in the previous year | 1.08*** (1.08-1.09) | 1.07*** (1.06-1.08) |
| Number of medical institutions in the municipality per 1,000 population | 1.39 (0.96-2.02) | 1.12 (0.76-1.64) |
| Need factors | ||
| Symptoms, yes | 1.26*** (1.18-1.35) | 1.17*** (1.10-1.25) |
| BMI (kg/m2) (ref. < 25) | ||
| 25-30 | 1.04 (0.97-1.11) | 0.95 (0.88-1.01) |
| ≥30 | 1.13 (0.99-1.29) | 0.95 (0.84-1.08) |
| Health checkup results | ||
| Hypertension (ref. no hypertension) | 1.19*** (1.11-1.27) | 1.07* (1.001-1.15) |
| Hyperglycemia (ref. no hyperglycemia) | 2.11*** (1.85-2.42) | 1.91*** (1.63-2.24) |
| Liver dysfunction (ref. no liver dysfunction) | 1.33*** (1.16-1.52) | 1.38*** (1.21-1.57) |
| Proteinuria (ref. no proteinuria) | 2.09*** (1.73-2.52) | 1.73*** (1.41-2.11) |
| Glycosuria (ref. no glycosuria) | 2.01*** (1.65-2.45) | 1.34** (1.09-1.66) |
| Prior prescriptions within one year before the health checkup | ||
| Antihypertensive (ref. no antihypertensive) | 1.83*** (1.66-2.02) | 1.23*** (1.11-1.37) |
| Antidiabetic (ref. no antidiabetic) | 1.81** (1.22-2.68) | 0.61* (0.39-0.95) |
| Antigout (ref. no antigout) | 1.90*** (1.48-2.45) | 1.57** (1.19-2.06) |
| Antidepressant (ref. no antidepressant) | 1.86*** (1.56-2.23) | 1.25* (1.03-1.53) |
| Results of the health checkup in the previous fiscal year (ref. no dyslipidemia) | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 0.98 (0.93-1.04) | 0.86*** (0.79-0.92) |
| No health checkup in the previous fiscal year | 1.27*** (1.16-1.39) | 1.18*** (1.08-1.30) |
| Number of dyslipidemias at the health checkup | 1.13* (1.001-1.28) | 1.13 (0.99-1.30) |
| LDL-C level (mg/dL) (ref. 140-160 mg/dL) | ||
| 160-180 | 1.23*** (1.13-1.34) | 1.30*** (1.19-1.43) |
| ≥180 | 1.66*** (1.49-1.86) | 1.82*** (1.61-2.07) |
| Health behaviors | ||
| Current smoking, yes | 0.83*** (0.75-0.92) | 0.98 (0.88-1.09) |
| Frequency of alcohol consumption (ref. rarely) | ||
| Every day | 0.82*** (0.75-0.89) | 0.92 (0.84-1.01) |
| Occasionally | 0.85*** (0.79-0.91) | 0.91** (0.85-0.98) |
