JMA Journal

Table 1. Participant Characteristics and Game Metrics between the Normal and Cognitive Impairment Groups.

From: A Gamified N-back App for Identifying Mild-cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

		Total (n = 138)	Normal (n = 72)	Cognitive impairment (n = 66)	P-value
Participant characteristics	Age (year)	75.8 ± 10.8	71.3 ± 11.5	80.7 ± 7.6	<0.001
	Male	43 (31%)	15 (21%)	28 (42%)	0.009
	MMSE	26.3 ± 4.0	29.2 ± 1.2	23.2 ± 3.62	<0.001
Game metrics	Level reached	4.74 ± 1.13	5.18 ± 1.14	4.32 ± 1.00	<0.001
	Accuracy (%)	68.5 ± 11.7	72.1 ± 10.7	65.1 ± 11.9	<0.001
	Response time (s)	6.25 ± 4.04	4.60 ± 1.78	8.21 ± 4.56	<0.001
	Tap time (s)	3.51 ± 2.21	3.21 ± 1.33	4.81 ± 2.22	<0.001
	Swipe time (s)	3.85 ± 1.90	2.53 ± 1.11	4.94 ± 3.29	<0.001

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Table 2. Correlations with MMSE.

From: A Gamified N-back App for Identifying Mild-cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

	Correlation coefficient	P-value
Level reached	0.420	<0.001
Accuracy (%)	0.419	<0.001
Response time (sec)	−0.575	<0.001
Tap time (sec)	−0.484	<0.001
Swipe time (sec)	−0.667	<0.001

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Table 3. Predicting Cognitive Impairment.

From: A Gamified N-back App for Identifying Mild-cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

Independent variable	OR	P-value	95% CI	VIF
Age	1.09	0.006	1.02-1.15	1.32
Sex	3.92	0.008	1.41-10.9	1.19
Tap time	1.25	0.22	0.88-1.78	1.28
Swipe time	1.58	0.02	1.07-2.32	1.37
Level reached				2.36
Accuracy				2.37
Response time				2.14

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Table 4. Screening Performance.

From: A Gamified N-back App for Identifying Mild-cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

Inspection	Method	Sensitivity	Specificity	Time	Examiner
HDS-R	Paper	93%	86%	10 min	Health care workers
MMSE	Paper	45%-60%	65-90%	10 min	Health care workers
MoCA-J	Paper	100%	87%	10 min	Health care workers
BrainTest^Ⓡ	Application	71%	90%	10-15min	The person or a caregiver
eSLUMS	Application	98%-100%	98%-100%	7-10min	Health care workers
Finger Tapping Test	Physical measurement	77%	67%	1-2min	Health care workers
This game	Physical measurement	70.8%	80.6%	10min	The person

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