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Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants (n = 5,706).

From: Bonding Impairment as an Explanatory Link between Unplanned Pregnancy and Maternal Infant Abuse: Results of a Causal Mediation Analysis

Total Combined shaking and smothering
One or both Neither p-Value
Characteristics (n = 5,706) (n = 290) (n = 5416)
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Unplanned pregnancy 1,028 (18.0%) 72 (24.8%) 956 (17.7%) 0.002
Bonding impairment 421 (7.4%) 61 (21.0%) 360 (6.6%) <0.001
Probable postpartum depression 463 (8.1%) 54 (18.6%) 409 (7.6%) <0.001
Primiparous 2,881 (50.5%) 194 (66.9%) 2,687 (49.6%) <0.001
Returned to hometown for deliverya 2,429 (42.6%) 141 (48.6%) 2,288 (42.2%) 0.032
Household members
　Both Parents 4,844 (84.9%) 216 (74.4%) 4,628 (85.5%) <0.001
　Single Parent 257 (4.5%) 27 (9.3%) 230 (4.2%)
　Other 605 (10.6%) 47 (16.2%) 558 (10.3%)
Maternal age
　≤24 412 (7.2%) 46 (15.9%) 366 (6.8%) <0.001
　25-34 3,762 (65.9%) 194 (66.9%) 3,568 (65.9%)
　≥35 1,532 (26.9%) 50 (17.2%) 1,482 (27.4%)
Financially Stable 5,098 (89.3%) 247 (85.2%) 4,851 (89.6%) 0.018
Unmarried 65 (1.1%) 8 (2.8%) 57 (1.1%) 0.008
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Table 2. Unplanned Pregnancy and Bonding Impairment in Relation to Maternal Abusive Behaviors (n = 5,706).

From: Bonding Impairment as an Explanatory Link between Unplanned Pregnancy and Maternal Infant Abuse: Results of a Causal Mediation Analysis

Characteristics Crude Adjusted model 1a Adjusted model 2b
OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI)
Unplanned pregnancy 1.54 (1.17-2.03)c 1.36 (1.02-1.80)c 1.28 (0.96-1.70)
Bonding impairment 3.74 (2.77-5.06)c 3.03 (2.19-4.17)c 2.96 (2.15-4.09)c
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Table 3. Result of Mediation Analyses: Natural Direct and Indirect Effects of Unplanned Pregnancy on Maternal Abusive Behaviors with Bonding Impairment as a Mediator (n = 5,706).

From: Bonding Impairment as an Explanatory Link between Unplanned Pregnancy and Maternal Infant Abuse: Results of a Causal Mediation Analysis

Characteristics Natural direct effect Natural indirect effecta
OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
Unplanned pregnancy 1.28 (0.96-1.70) 1.06 (1.03-1.09)b
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