From: Relationship between Maternal Body Composition during Pregnancy and Newborn Birth Weight in Japan
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 34.1 (16-46) |
| Primiparous | 55.1 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 21.4 (15.1-42.1) |
| BMI category (kg/m2) | |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 13.4 |
| Normal (18.5-24.9) | 73.0 |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 10.3 |
| Obese (30 or higher) | 3.3 |
| Gestation age at delivery (weeks) | 38.8 (37-42) |
| Mode of delivery (%) | |
| Spontaneous vaginal delivery | 61.1 |
| Instrumental | 7.1 |
| Cesarean delivery | 31.8 |
| Newborn birth weight (kg) | 3.0 (1.7-4.7) |
From: Relationship between Maternal Body Composition during Pregnancy and Newborn Birth Weight in Japan
| First trimester (n = 801) | Second trimester (n = 1,055) | Third trimester (n = 1,436) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FM (kg) | 15.0 (4.3-38.3) | 16.7 (6.2-39.1) | 16.9 (5.7-38.5) |
| FFM (kg) | 37.9 (29.1-49.5) | 39.3 (29.3-52.1) | 40.4 (30.7-53.9) |
| TBW (kg) | 26.2 (18.7-36.2) | 27.6 (19.4-40.3) | 29.0 (20.1-49.7) |
| MM (kg) | 35.7 (27.7-46.3) | 37.2 (27.9-51.1) | 38.3 (29.2-52.6) |
| FM gain (kg) | - | 1.6 (−11.0 to 8.6) | 1.7 (−11.0 to 9.3) |
| FFM gain (kg) | - | 1.4 (−7.2 to 11.3) | 2.7 (−7.5 to 12.0) |
| WG (kg) | - | 5.0 (−5.1 to 14.9) | 8.5 (−3.6 to 20.5) |
From: Relationship between Maternal Body Composition during Pregnancy and Newborn Birth Weight in Japan
| Underweight | First trimester (n = 115) | Second trimester (n = 114) | Third trimester (n = 212) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 17.6 (15.5-18.4) | 17.6 (15.5-18.4) | 17.6 (15.5-18.4) |
| FM (kg) | 8.8 (4.3-16.0) | 11.2 (6.2-16.2) | 11.8 (5.7-17) |
| FFM (kg) | 35.5 (29.1-42.1) | 37.4 (30.2-42.7) | 38.2 (30.7-45.4) |
| TBW (kg) | 23.6 (18.7-28.3) | 25.3 (19.5-31.2) | 26.4 (20.2-33.5) |
| MM (kg) | 33.5 (27.7-39.6) | 35.3 (28.7-40.1) | 36.1 (29.2-42.6) |
| FM gain (kg) | - | 1.9 (−6.9 to 7.2) | 2.4 (−8.0 to 7.9) |
| FFM gain (kg) | - | 1.5 (−5.3 to 11.3) | 2.5 (−4.5 to 11.6) |
| WG (kg) | - | 6.1 (−0.2 to 11.9) | 9.4 (0.8-16.4) |
| NBW (kg) | 2.9 (1.8-4.3) | 2.9 (1.8-4.3) | 2.9 (1.8-4.3) |
| Normal weight | First trimester (n = 595) | Second trimester (n = 781) | Third trimester (n = 1027) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 20.9 (18.5-24.9) | 20.9 (18.5-24.9) | 20.9 (18.5-24.9) |
| FM (kg) | 14.4 (7.2-25.5) | 16.2 (7.6-29.7) | 16.6 (7.8-30.5) |
| FFM (kg) | 38.0 (29.1-47.7) | 39.2 (29.3-54.7) | 40.4 (30.8-56.3) |
| TBW (kg) | 26.2 (19.7-35.5) | 27.5 (20.7-39.0) | 28.7 (21.4-45.1) |
| MM (kg) | 35.8 (27.7-44.7) | 36.9 (27.9-51.1) | 38.0 (29.3-52.6) |
| FM gain (kg) | - | 1.8 (−6.9 to 7.2) | 2.2 (−8.0 to 9.5) |
| FFM gain (kg) | - | 1.4 (−5.3 to 11.3) | 2.5 (−4.5 to 11.6) |
| WG (kg) | - | 5.1 (−5.1 to 17.1) | 8.6 (−9.9 to 18.7) |
| NBW (kg) | 3.0 (1.8-4.4) | 3.0 (1.8-4.4) | 3.0 (1.8-4.4) |
| Overweight | First trimester (n = 76) | Second trimester (n = 120) | Third trimester (n = 144) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 27.0 (25.0-29.9) | 27.0 (25.0-29.9) | 27.0 (25.0-29.9) |
| FM (kg) | 25.1 (16.4-33.9) | 25.7 (14.6-37.8) | 25.0 (13.7-36.1) |
| FFM (kg) | 39.8 (32.5-49.5) | 42.3 (33.8-57.8) | 44.0 (34.7-61.0) |
| TBW (kg) | 29.1 (24.3-36.2) | 31.1 (24.8-40.3) | 32.6 (25.7-42.1) |
| MM (kg) | 37.5 (30.8-46.3) | 39.8 (32.0-53.9) | 41.4 (32.8-56.8) |
| FM gain (kg) | - | 1.0 (−6.9 to 7.2) | −0.95 (−10.2 to 7.9) |
| FFM gain (kg) | - | 1.6 (−5.3 to 11.3) | 3.4 (−2.8 to 12.0) |
| WG (kg) | - | 2.7 (−8.0 to 10.9) | 5.7 (−7.5 to 15.6) |
| NBW (kg) | 3.1 (2.0-4.4) | 3.1 (2.0-4.4) | 3.1 (2.0-4.4) |
| Obese | First trimester (n = 15) | Second trimester (n = 40) | Third trimester (n = 53) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 33.9 (30.0-45.0) | 33.9 (30.0-45.0) | 33.9 (30.0-45.0) |
| FM (kg) | 34.6 (27.8-38.3) | 38.6 (25.5-69.0) | 36.3 (21.6-64.7) |
| FFM (kg) | 41.1 (35.9-47.5) | 44.7 (34.5-58.5) | 46.8 (36.9-63.3) |
| TBW (kg) | 31.6 (28.7-35.2) | 34.7 (27.5-45.8) | 36.0 (29.5-49.7) |
| MM (kg) | 38.6 (33.9-44.5) | 42.0 (32.5-54.5) | 43.9 (34.9-59.0) |
| FM gain (kg) | - | 1.3 (−11.0 to 7.3) | 1.4 (−11.0 to 7.9) |
| FFM gain (kg) | - | 1.3 (−7.2 to 11.3) | 2.5 (−7.5 to 11.9) |
| WG (kg) | - | 1.4 (−10.1 to 8.9) | 4.4 (−8.9 to 13.4) |
| NBW (kg) | 3.2 (2.1-5.2) | 3.2 (2.1-5.2) | 3.2 (2.1-5.2) |
From: Relationship between Maternal Body Composition during Pregnancy and Newborn Birth Weight in Japan
| Underweight | First trimester (n = 115) | Second trimester (n = 114) | Third trimester (n = 212) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 0.120 | 0.22 | 0.09 |
| FM (kg) | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.27 |
| FFM (kg) | 0.23 | 0.32*** | 0.35*** |
| FM gain (kg) | - | 0.13* | 0.17 |
| FFM gain (kg) | - | 0.06 | 0.19* |
| WG (kg) | - | 0.15 | 0.17 |
| Normal weight | First trimester (n = 595) | Second trimester (n = 781) | Third trimester (n = 1027) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| FM (kg) | 0.11 | 0.36 | 0.22 |
| FFM (kg) | 0.20*** | 0.26*** | 0.23** |
| FM gain (kg) | - | 0.27** | 0.12* |
| FFM gain (kg) | - | 0.07 | 0.08 |
| WG (kg) | - | 0.30 | 0.14 |
| Overweight | First trimester (n = 76) | Second trimester (n = 120) | Third trimester (n = 144) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.17 |
| FM (kg) | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.41*** |
| FFM (kg) | 0.10 | 0.30** | 0.24 |
| FM gain (kg) | - | 0.07 | 0.10 |
| FFM gain (kg) | - | 0.12 | 0.13 |
| WG (kg) | - | 0.17** | 0.31 |
| Obese | First trimester (n = 15) | Second trimester (n = 40) | Third trimester (n = 53) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.23 |
| FM (kg) | -0.14 | 0.02 | 0.22 |
| FFM (kg) | 0.29 | 0.40* | 0.36*** |
| FM gain (kg) | - | −0.001 | 0.05** |
| FFM gain (kg) | - | 0.11 | 0.16 |
| WG (kg) | - | 0.09 | 0.13 |
From: Relationship between Maternal Body Composition during Pregnancy and Newborn Birth Weight in Japan
| BMI category | FFM (β, 95% CI) | p | FM gain (β, 95% CI) | p | WG (β, 95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight | 14.81 (−7.94 to 37.57) | 0.1995 | −35.44 (−68.1 to −2.78) | 0.0337 | 0.79 (−18.5 to 20.09) | 0.9351 |
| Normal | 19.92 (10.78 to 29.05) | <0.0001 | −18.37 (−32.36 to −4.37) | 0.0102 | −2.35 (−12.09 to 7.4) | 0.6365 |
| Overweight | 30.38 (7.98 to 52.77) | 0.0087 | −17.23 (−46.55 to 12.09) | 0.2449 | 7.08 (−15.46 to 29.62) | 0.5325 |
| Obese | −1.45 (−38.11 to 35.2) | 0.9335 | −2.95 (−34.64 to 28.74) | 0.8446 | −8.1 (−40.49 to 24.29) | 0.6000 |
