| Variable | Total (n = 35,425) | Nonrespondents (n = 9,456) | Respondents (n = 25,969) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Sex | 0.009 | |||
| Male | 17,004 (48.0) | 4,431 (46.9) | 12,573 (48.4) | |
| Female | 18,421 (52.0) | 5,025 (53.1) | 13,396 (51.6) | |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | |||
| Average (SD)a | 80.0 (3.9) | 80.2 (4.1) | 79.9 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 79 (77-82) | 79 (77-83) | 79 (77-82) | <0.001 |
| Household income | <0.001 | |||
| Higher than standards | 16,138 (45.6) | 3,947 (41.7) | 12,191 (46.9) | |
| Standards or lower | 19,287 (54.4) | 5,509 (58.3) | 13,778 (53.1) | |
| Chronic diseases | ||||
| Heart disease | 4,246 (12.0) | 1,098 (11.6) | 3,148 (12.1) | 0.191 |
| Diabetes | 4,690 (13.2) | 1,305 (13.8) | 3,385 (13.0) | 0.060 |
| Hypertension | 16,017 (45.2) | 4,218 (44.6) | 11,799 (45.4) | 0.166 |
| Joint pain | 3,556 (10.0) | 931 (9.8) | 2,625 (10.1) | 0.467 |
| Fracture | 631 (1.8) | 204 (2.2) | 427 (1.6) | 0.001 |
| Renal failure | 696 (2.0) | 167 (1.8) | 529 (2.0) | 0.104 |
| Respiratory disease | 1,877 (5.3) | 562 (5.9) | 1,315 (5.1) | 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1,251 (3.5) | 342 (3.6) | 909 (3.5) | 0.599 |
| Living areas | <0.001 | |||
| A | 1,212 (3.4) | 288 (3.0) | 924 (3.6) | |
| B | 860 (2.4) | 232 (2.5) | 628 (2.4) | |
| C | 837 (2.4) | 239 (2.5) | 598 (2.3) | |
| D | 1,049 (3.0) | 277 (2.9) | 772 (3.0) | |
| E | 1,485 (4.2) | 364 (3.8) | 1,121 (4.3) | |
| F | 1,949 (5.5) | 518 (5.5) | 1,431 (5.5) | |
| G | 1,795 (5.1) | 500 (5.3) | 1,295 (5.0) | |
| H | 970 (2.7) | 265 (2.8) | 705 (2.7) | |
| I | 1,810 (5.1) | 488 (5.2) | 1,322 (5.1) | |
| J | 1,981 (5.6) | 556 (5.9) | 1,425 (5.5) | |
| K | 1,648 (4.7) | 492 (5.2) | 1,156 (4.5) | |
| L | 1,961 (5.5) | 512 (5.4) | 1,449 (5.6) | |
| M | 1,202 (3.4) | 350 (3.7) | 852 (3.3) | |
| N | 2,128 (6.0) | 593 (6.3) | 1,535 (5.9) | |
| O | 1,827 (5.2) | 539 (5.7) | 1,288 (5.0) | |
| P | 2,147 (6.1) | 544 (5.8) | 1,603 (6.2) | |
| Q | 2,260 (6.4) | 555 (5.9) | 1,705 (6.6) | |
| R | 3,110 (8.8) | 794 (8.4) | 2,316 (8.9) | |
| S | 1,654 (4.7) | 413 (4.4) | 1,241 (4.8) | |
| T | 2,156 (6.1) | 580 (6.1) | 1,576 (6.1) | |
| U | 1,384 (3.9) | 357 (3.8) | 1,027 (4.0) | |
| KCL domains | ||||
| ADL limitation | 3,160 (8.9) | 1,183 (12.5) | 1,977 (7.6) | <0.001 |
| Low physical strength | 5,406 (15.3) | 1,777 (18.8) | 3,629 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| Malnutrition | 528 (1.5) | 174 (1.8) | 354 (1.4) | 0.001 |
| Oral dysfunction | 7,280 (20.6) | 2,148 (22.7) | 5,132 (19.8) | <0.001 |
| Isolation | 3,163 (8.9) | 1,154 (12.2) | 2,009 (7.7) | <0.001 |
| Memory decline | 11,558 (32.6) | 3,587 (37.9) | 7,971 (30.7) | <0.001 |
| Depressive mood | 11,790 (33.3) | 3,507 (37.1) | 8,283 (31.9) | <0.001 |
| Frailty status | ||||
| Robust (≤3 points) | 13,031 (36.8) | 2,956 (31.3) | 10,075 (38.8) | |
| Prefrailty (4-7 points) | 13,095 (37.0) | 3,427 (36.2) | 9,668 (37.2) | |
| Frailty (≥8 points) | 9,299 (26.2) | 3,073 (32.5) | 6,226 (24.0) |
| KCL domain applicable | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p Value | aOR (95% CI) | p Value | |
| KCL domainsa | ||||
| ADL limitation | 1.74 (1.61-1.87) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.27-1.50) | <0.001 |
| Low physical strength | 1.42 (1.34-1.52) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.10-1.26) | <0.001 |
| Malnutrition | 1.36 (1.13-1.63) | 0.001 | 1.15 (0.95-1.38) | 0.152 |
| Oral dysfunction | 1.19 (1.13-1.26) | <0.001 | 1.04 (0.98-1.10) | 0.226 |
| Isolation | 1.66 (1.54-1.79) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.22-1.44) | <0.001 |
| Memory decline | 1.38 (1.31-1.45) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.17-1.30) | <0.001 |
| Depressive mood | 1.26 (1.20-1.32) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.04-1.16) | 0.001 |
| Frailty status | ||||
| Robust (≤3 points) | ref | ref | ||
| Pre-frailty (4-7 points) | 1.21 (1.14-1.28) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.12-1.26) | <0.001 |
| Frailty (≥8 points) | 1.68 (1.58-1.79) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.53-1.73) | <0.001 |
