Table 1. Characteristics of Participants by Chronic Conditions.

From: Step-Determined Physical Activity among Individuals with Chronic Conditions: The 2007-2019 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan

Types of CCs
Total sample Healthy Single CC Multiple CCs HT DM DL HT and DM HT and DL DM and DL HT and DM and DL
(n = 59,703) (n = 18,654) (n = 22,404) (n = 18,645) (n = 10,566) (n = 638) (n = 11,200) (n = 1,530) (n = 13,010) (n = 937) (n = 3,168)
Sex, n (%)
Men 24,379 (40.8) 5,606 (30.1) 9,883 (44.1) 8,890 (47.7) 5,341 (50.5) 382 (59.9) 4,160 (37.1) 1,000 (65.4) 5,723 (44) 477 (50.9) 1,690 (53.3)
Women 35,324 (59.2) 13,048 (69.9) 12,521 (55.9) 9,755 (52.3) 5,225 (49.5) 256 (40.1) 7,040 (62.9) 530 (34.6) 7,287 (56) 460 (49.1) 1,478 (46.7)
Age, y 58.6 (16.1) 47.4 (15.8) 61.0 (14.5) 66.8 (11.2) 66.3 (12.6) 67.1 (11.1) 55.7 (14.4) 70.3 (9.7) 66.2 (11.6) 64.5 (11.4) 68.3 (9.8)
Age category, n (%)
 <65 y 34,365 (57.6) 15,357 (82.3) 12,155 (54.3) 6,853 (36.8) 4,152 (39.3) 205 (32.1) 7,798 (69.6) 368 (24.1) 5,078 (39.0) 401 (42.8) 1,006 (31.8)
 ≥65 y 25,338 (42.4) 3,297 (17.7) 10,249 (45.7) 11,792 (63.2) 6,414 (60.7) 433 (67.9) 3,402 (30.4) 1,162 (75.9) 7,932 (61.0) 536 (57.2) 2,162 (68.2)
Systolic BP, mmHg 131 (19.1) 116.3 (11.8) 132.4 (17.8) 143.8 (16.3) 144.9 (15.5) 125 (10.1) 121.1 (11.1) 145.9 (16.7) 144.7 (15.8) 124.9 (9.7) 144.8 (16.3)
Diastolic BP, mmHg 78.8 (11.3) 72.9 (8.4) 79.8 (10.9) 83.6 (11.7) 84.9 (11.4) 73.8 (8.2) 75.4 (8.0) 80.7 (11.7) 85.1 (11.5) 75.1 (8.0) 81.6 (11.9)
TC, mg/dL 203.1 (35.3) 188.5 (25.6) 209.4 (35.7) 210.1 (38.6) 192.4 (25.5) 186.2 (26.0) 226.7 (35.9) 185.4 (25.7) 215.2 (38) 210.7 (41.1) 201.2 (39.2)
TG, mg/dL 136.6 (97.6) 85.3 (34.8) 138.8 (94.4) 181.1 (116) 98.2 (34.8) 96.2 (34.2) 173.7 (113.4) 105.8 (34.9) 182.4 (115.6) 194 (124.8) 203.5 (123.8)
HDL-C, mg/dL 61.8 (16.3) 67.7 (15.0) 61.6 (16.2) 56.2 (15.6) 64.6 (15.8) 60.6 (14.9) 58.9 (16.1) 59.9 (14.6) 56.8 (15.7) 54.0 (16) 52.4 (14.7)
LDL-C, mg/dL 118.4 (31.0) 104.9 (20.6) 124.3 (31.8) 125 (34.2) 107.2 (20.8) 105 (21.2) 141.4 (31.5) 103.3 (21.7) 129.3 (34.1) 125.8 (34.9) 117.6 (34.1)
Plasma glucose, mg/dL 105.3 (31.7) 95.3 (15.1) 101.8 (22.3) 118.5 (44.8) 102.6 (18.6) 152.3 (68.9) 98.5 (16.2) 151.1 (62.6) 104 (19.0) 154.9 (75.9) 153.5 (62.7)
HbA1c, % 5.7 (0.7) 5.4 (0.3) 5.6 (0.5) 6.2 (1.0) 5.6 (0.4) 7.1 (1.1) 5.6 (0.3) 7.1 (1.1) 5.7 (0.3) 7.4 (1.4) 7.2 (1.1)
non-HDL, mg/dL 141.3 (35.0) 120.8 (22.5) 147.8 (34.4) 154 (36.8) 127.8 (22.1) 125.6 (22.5) 167.8 (32.8) 125.5 (22.7) 158.4 (36.1) 156.7 (39.4) 148.8 (37.6)
Medication status
 Taking drugs, n (%) 20,706 (34.7) 0 (0.0) 7,944 (35.5) 12,762 (68.4) 5,536 (52.4) 371 (58.2) 2,037 (18.2) 1,242 (81.2) 8,287 (63.7) 607 (64.8) 2,626 (82.9)
 Not taking drugs, n (%) 38,772 (64.9) 18,654 (100) 14,440 (64.5) 5,678 (30.5) 5,030 (47.6) 250 (39.2) 9,160 (81.8) 243 (15.9) 4,712 (36.2) 295 (31.5) 428 (13.5)
 Missing, n (%) 225 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 20 (0.1) 205 (1.1) 0 (0.0) 17 (2.7) 3 (0.0) 45 (2.9) 11 (0.1) 35 (3.7) 114 (3.6)
Table 2. Comparisons of Age-Adjusted Steps/Day by Status of Chronic Conditions.

From: Step-Determined Physical Activity among Individuals with Chronic Conditions: The 2007-2019 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan

Differences in steps/d
Healthy With single CC With multiple CCs Healthy vs single CC Single CC vs multiple CCs Healthy vs multiple CCs
Total sample 6,801 (6,740-6,862) 6,662 (6,611-6,712) 6,321 (6,263-6,378) -139 (−219 to −59) -341 (−416 to −265) -480 (−569 to −391)
Stratified by sex and age
Men aged <65 y 8,292 (8,152-8,431) 7,703 (7,585-7,821) 6,968 (6,820-7,116) −588 (−772 to −404) −735 (−923 to −547) −1,324 (−1,535 to −1,113)
Women aged <65 y 7,167 (7,096-7,238) 6,772 (6,685-6,860) 6,504 (6,372-6,636) −395 (−512 to −277) −268 (−421 to −116) −663 (−820 to −506)
Men aged 65 y 6,454 (6,253-6,655) 6,164 (6,052-6,275) 5,806 (5,702-5,910) −290 (−520 to −61) −358 (−511 to −206) −648 (−875 to −422)
Women aged 65 y 5,385 (5,240-5,530) 5,259 (5,176-5,343) 5,102 (5,024-5,180) −126 (−293 to 42) −158 (−272 to −43) −283 (−449 to −118)
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