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Table 1. Patient Distribution of Those Who Received Desflurane or Sevoflurane among the Study Variables.

From: Long-term Effects of Desflurane and Sevoflurane on Mortality and Care Needs in Older Patients after Gastrointestinal Surgery: An Inverse Probability-weighted Analysis

Variables Desflurane Sevoflurane p-Value Standardized difference
n = 4,354 n = 7,444
n % n % Before weighted After weighted
Sex, male 2,315 53.2 4,060 54.5 0.149 0.028 0.004
Age (median, IQR) 81 77-85 81 77-85 0.711
　75-79 1,786 41.0 3,045 40.9 0.893 -0.006 0.017
　80-84 1,432 32.9 2,428 32.6
　≥85 1,136 26.1 1,971 26.5
MACSS score (median, IQR) 4 3-6 4 3-7
　Mild (score, 0-3 points) 1,835 42.2 2,776 37.3 0.000 -0.106 -0.030
　Moderate (score, 4-6 points) 1,496 34.4 2,658 35.7
　Severe (score, ≥7 points) 1,023 23.5 2,010 27.0
Preoperative care support level
　N/A 3,363 77.2 5,642 75.8 0.019 -0.046 0.033
　Support level 404 9.3 659 8.9
　Care level 587 13.5 1,143 15.4
Preoperative care support level (detail)
　N/A 3,363 77.2 5,642 75.8 0.029
　Support level 1 234 5.4 327 4.4
　Support level 2 170 3.9 332 4.5
　Care level 1 225 5.2 444 6.0
　Care level 2 163 3.7 301 4.0
　Care level 3 106 2.4 204 2.7
　Care level 4 63 1.5 135 1.8
　Care level 5 30 0.7 59 0.8
Fiscal year
　2014 391 9.0 1,433 19.3 0.000 0.264 0.034
　2015 653 15.0 1,342 18.0
　2016 765 17.6 1,127 15.1
　2017 876 20.1 1,193 16.0
　2018 856 19.7 1,154 15.5
　2019 813 18.7 1,195 16.1
Surgical site
　Gastric 1,314 30.2 2,193 29.5 0.701 -0.011 0.017
　Colon 2,219 51.0 3,842 51.6
　Rectoanal 821 18.9 1,409 18.9
Laparoscopic surgery 3,078 70.7 4,298 57.7 0.000 0.273 0.181
Local analgesia
　Epidural thoracic 3,180 73.0 5,507 74.0 0.000 0.118 0.008
　Epidural other than thoracic 59 1.4 208 2.8
　Peripheral nerve block 272 6.3 188 2.5
　None 843 19.4 1,541 20.7
Severe anesthesia (n, %) 950 21.8 1,482 19.9 0.013 0.047 0.002
Incentives for perioperative anesthetic management (n, %)
　None 1,012 23.2 3,134 42.1 0.000 0.390 0.018
　By accredited anesthesiologist 2,466 56.6 3,351 45.0
　By non-accredited anesthesiologist 876 20.1 959 12.9
Postoperative ICU admission (n, %) 794 18.2 1,347 18.1 0.848 0.004 0.018
Preoperative RBC transfusion (n, %) 272 6.3 571 7.7 0.004 -0.056 0.025
Preoperative chemotherapy (n, %) 17 0.4 39 0.5 0.309 -0.020 0.003
No. of hospital bed (n, %)
　≤99 189 4.3 467 6.3 0.000 0.429 0.027
　100-199 162 3.7 1,395 18.7
　200-499 2,190 50.3 3,598 48.3
　≥500 1,813 41.6 1,984 26.7
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Table 2. Results of Generalized Linear Model Analysis after ATE Weighting.

From: Long-term Effects of Desflurane and Sevoflurane on Mortality and Care Needs in Older Patients after Gastrointestinal Surgery: An Inverse Probability-weighted Analysis

Outcomes OR (95% CI) SE p Value
1-Year mortality of the desflurane group 0.891 (0.782-1.016) 0.059 0.084
1-Year support care level deterioration of the desflurane group 0.931 (0.831-1.044) 0.054 0.224
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