| Characteristic | n (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 75-79 | 2,061 (24.4) |
| 80-84 | 2,554 (30.2) | |
| 85-89 | 2,217 (26.2) | |
| 90-94 | 1,246 (14.7) | |
| ≥95 | 385 (4.5) | |
| Sex | Men | 4,505 (53.2) |
| Women | 3,958 (46.8) | |
| Diagnosis: cancer (ICD-10) | Solid | 7,917 (93.6) |
| Gastric (C16) | 1,394 (16.5) | |
| Colorectal (C18-C20) | 1,624 (19.2) | |
| Hepatobiliary (C22) | 676 (8.0) | |
| Pancreas (C25) | 892 (10.5) | |
| Lung (C34) | 1,787 (21.1) | |
| Breast (C50) | 420 (5.0) | |
| Female genital organs (C51-C58) | 339 (4.0) | |
| Prostate (C61) | 867 (10.2) | |
| Kidney and ureter (C64-C66, C68) | 350 (4.1) | |
| Bladder (C67) | 428 (5.1) | |
| Hematological | 507 (6.0) | |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (C82-C85) | 297 (3.5) | |
| Multiple myeloma (C90) | 108 (1.3) | |
| Unknown | 110 (1.3) | |
| Diagnosis: comorbidity (ICD-10) | Asthma or Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (J43-J46) | 2,193 (25.9) |
| Dementia (F00-F03, G30) | 2,229 (26.3) | |
| Depression (F31-F33) | 1,409 (16.7) | |
| Diabetes mellitus (E10-E14) | 3,712 (43.9) | |
| Heart failure (I50) | 3,784 (44.7) | |
| Ischemic heart disease (I20-I25) | 2,466 (29.1) | |
| Parkinson’s disease (G20) | 251 (3.0) | |
| Stroke (I60-I64) | 1,564 (18.5) | |
| Home medical care services | Previous 6 months | 5,406 (63.9) |
| Hospitalization | Previous 6 months | 6,035 (71.3) |
| Geographic regions | Hokkaido/Tohoku | 951 (11.2) |
| Kanto | 3,708 (43.8) | |
| Chubu | 1,269 (15.0) | |
| Kansai | 1,614 (19.1) | |
| Chugoku/Shikoku | 442 (5.2) | |
| Kyushu/Okinawa | 479 (5.7) |
| Drugs | Prevalence | Change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before (%) | After (%) | Change (%) | Continuation (%) | Initiation (%) | |
| Antihypertensives | 60.3 | 30.4 | −49.5 | 45.4 | 7.6 |
| ACEI/ARB | 35.0 | 13.2 | −62.3 | 33.2 | 2.5 |
| β blockers | 12.6 | 7.7 | −39.2 | 50.2 | 1.5 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 46.1 | 20.5 | −55.6 | 39.1 | 4.6 |
| Diureticsa | 6.7 | 2.6 | −61.6 | 29.4 | <1.0 |
| Others | 3.3 | 1.3 | −58.8 | 30.6 | <1.0 |
| Antiplatelets | 21.7 | 10.8 | −50.5 | 45.5 | 1.1 |
| Aspirin | 14.5 | 6.5 | −54.9 | 41.9 | <1.0 |
| P2Y12 inhibitors | 7.3 | 3.4 | −53.6 | 41.8 | <1.0 |
| Others | 4.2 | 2.0 | −52.2 | 40.4 | <1.0 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 10.7 | 6.4 | −40.7 | 47.5 | 1.4 |
| DOAC | 8.2 | 5.2 | −37.1 | 48.4 | 1.3 |
| Warfarin | 3.1 | 1.2 | −59.7 | 31.8 | <1.0 |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 25.4 | 5.7 | −77.5 | 21.0 | <1.0 |
| Statins | 22.1 | 5.0 | −77.6 | 20.9 | <1.0 |
| Antidiabetic drugs | 18.4 | 10.5 | −43.0 | 49.0 | 1.8 |
| Non-insulin | 17.3 | 8.9 | −48.5 | 44.8 | 1.4 |
| Insulin | 4.7 | 2.9 | −38.2 | 39.4 | 1.1 |
| Drugs for osteoporosis | 19.6 | 6.0 | −69.5 | 26.3 | 1.0 |
| Bisphosphonates | 9.8 | 2.0 | −79.4 | 16.5 | <1.0 |
| Vitamin D formulations | 12.5 | 4.5 | −64.3 | 30.3 | <1.0 |
| Antigout drugs | 12.5 | 4.6 | −63.0 | 30.9 | <1.0 |
| Antidementia drugs | 11.7 | 6.6 | −43.4 | 46.0 | 1.4 |
| Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors | 9.6 | 4.9 | −48.5 | 42.8 | <1.0 |
| Memantine | 3.7 | 2.5 | −33.6 | 47.9 | <1.0 |
| Calcium | 2.1 | <1.0 | NA | 23.8 | <1.0 |
| Iron | 18.0 | 9.8 | −45.4 | 35.9 | 4.1 |
| Vitamins (B, C, or multivitamins) | 19.8 | 6.0 | −69.6 | 21.7 | 2.2 |
| Drugs | Prevalence | Change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before (%) | After (%) | Change (%) | Continuation (%) | Initiation (%) | |
| Acid suppressants | 65.5 | 47.4 | −27.6 | 59.6 | 24.2 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 58.2 | 43.9 | −24.5 | 59.6 | 22.1 |
| H2 receptor antagonists | 13.9 | 4.3 | −68.8 | 22.1 | 1.5 |
| Laxatives | 67.4 | 49.8 | −26.1 | 57.4 | 34.1 |
| Diuretics (non-antihypertensives) | 30.1 | 24.6 | −18.3 | 53.6 | 12.1 |
| Loop | 27.8 | 22.8 | −18.0 | 52.1 | 11.5 |
| MRA | 12.8 | 10.5 | −17.9 | 45.2 | 5.4 |
| Analgesics | 78.7 | 68.1 | −13.5 | 72.8 | 50.8 |
| Acetaminophen | 53.1 | 30.1 | −43.3 | 37.3 | 22.0 |
| NSAIDs | 49.5 | 25.9 | −47.8 | 36.9 | 15.1 |
| Opioids (oral and patch) | 42.2 | 51.9 | 22.8 | 75.1 | 34.9 |
| Opioids (oral) | 39.9 | 43.4 | 9.0 | 65.2 | 29.0 |
| Opioids (patch) | 12.9 | 32.2 | 149.0 | 71.9 | 26.3 |
| Hypnotics | 33.3 | 25.7 | −22.8 | 52.3 | 12.4 |
| Benzodiazepines | 17.8 | 13.2 | −25.6 | 46.5 | 6.0 |
| Z-drugs | 15.8 | 10.1 | −36.4 | 38.0 | 4.8 |
| Newer drugs | 8.2 | 7.4 | −9.2 | 40.3 | 4.5 |
