From: Trends in Medical Expenses for Ocular Examinations in Japan Based on Nationwide Database Studies
| Year | Total medical expenses (1 trillion yen) | Total medical expenses per capita (yen) | Initial and repeat consultation fee (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Initial and repeat consultation fee per capita (yen) | Medical management (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Medical management per capita (yen) | At-home treatment (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | At-home treatment per capita (yen) | Examinations (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Examinations per capita (yen) | Diagnostic imaging (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Diagnostic imaging per capita (yen) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 1.74 | 13,603.7 | 0.140 (8.1) | 1,097.7 | 0.086 (4.9) | 670.7 | 0.043 (2.5) | 340.2 | 0.154 (8.9) | 1,208.2 | 0.076 (4.4) | 592.6 |
| 2009 | 1.66 | 13,008.6 | 0.135 (8.1) | 1,055.5 | 0.084 (5.0) | 655.6 | 0.047 (2.8) | 367.6 | 0.156 (9.4) | 1,224.0 | 0.069 (4.2) | 541.7 |
| 2010 | 1.73 | 13,471.7 | 0.136 (7.9) | 1,059.4 | 0.085 (4.9) | 663.4 | 0.047 (2.7) | 369.9 | 0.155 (9.0) | 1,212.5 | 0.069 (4.0) | 537.0 |
| Avg. in 2008-2010 | 1.71 | 13,361.3 | 0.137 (8.0) | 1,070.8 | 0.085 (5.0) | 663.2 | 0.046 (2.7) | 359.2 | 0.155 (9.1) | 1,214.9 | 0.071 (4.2) | 557.1 |
| 2011 | 1.91 | 14,943.1 | 0.148 (7.8) | 1,161.2 | 0.089 (4.7) | 697.1 | 0.061 (3.2) | 475.7 | 0.172 (9.0) | 1,345.0 | 0.078 (4.1) | 608.2 |
| 2012 | 1.99 | 15,639.8 | 0.151 (7.5) | 1,180.8 | 0.094 (4.7) | 739.2 | 0.057 (2.8) | 445.1 | 0.179 (9.0) | 1,405.6 | 0.080 (4.0) | 627.6 |
| 2013 | 2.13 | 16,761.1 | 0.163 (7.7) | 1,283.6 | 0.102 (4.8) | 797.6 | 0.069 (3.2) | 542.9 | 0.203 (9.5) | 1,592.8 | 0.089 (4.2) | 700.1 |
| 2014 | 2.14 | 16,823.8 | 0.168 (7.8) | 1,319.8 | 0.102 (4.8) | 799.2 | 0.068 (3.2) | 537.5 | 0.203 (9.5) | 1,601.2 | 0.089 (4.2) | 698.3 |
| 2015 | 2.14 | 16,821.4 | 0.166 (7.8) | 1,304.5 | 0.099 (4.6) | 782.1 | 0.071 (3.3) | 561.3 | 0.202 (9.5) | 1,591.5 | 0.087 (4.1) | 684.7 |
| 2016 | 2.18 | 17,208.8 | 0.166 (7.6) | 1,304.0 | 0.102 (4.7) | 803.3 | 0.073 (3.3) | 573.4 | 0.208 (9.5) | 1,638.3 | 0.089 (4.1) | 703.8 |
| 2017 | 2.30 | 18,119.0 | 0.172 (7.5) | 1,354.5 | 0.105 (4.6) | 829.8 | 0.076 (3.3) | 603.1 | 0.217 (9.5) | 1,715.7 | 0.094 (4.1) | 743.4 |
| 2018 | 2.34 | 18,491.5 | 0.170 (7.3) | 1,345.5 | 0.107 (4.6) | 844.1 | 0.080 (3.4) | 633.4 | 0.222 (9.5) | 1,756.2 | 0.096 (4.1) | 758.9 |
| 2019 | 2.36 | 18,706.9 | 0.167 (7.1) | 1,319.8 | 0.105 (4.5) | 834.6 | 0.083 (3.5) | 656.1 | 0.222 (9.4) | 1,759.4 | 0.095 (4.0) | 754.1 |
| 2020 | 2.03 | 16,119.8 | 0.121 (6.0) | 959.7 | 0.089 (4.4) | 703.3 | 0.086 (4.2) | 679.4 | 0.172 (8.5) | 1,362.6 | 0.073 (3.6) | 577.9 |
| 2021 | 2.31 | 18,380.5 | 0.152 (6.6) | 1,207.8 | 0.115 (5.0) | 912.7 | 0.093 (4.0) | 742.2 | 0.231 (10.0) | 1,844.3 | 0.086 (3.7) | 682.0 |
| Year | Medication (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Medication per capita (yen) | Injection (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Injection per capita (yen) | Rehabilitation (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Rehabilitation per capita (yen) | Psychiatric specialty therapy (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Psychiatric specialty therapy per capita (yen) | Treatment (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Treatment per capita (yen) | Surgery (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Surgery per capita (yen) |
| 2008 | 0.187 (10.7) | 1,461.8 | 0.089 (5.1) | 693.3 | 0.036 (2.1) | 280.4 | 0.024 (1.4) | 189.0 | 0.188 (10.8) | 1,475.9 | 0.140 (8.0) | 1,093.3 |
| 2009 | 0.190 (11.5) | 1,492.5 | 0.081 (4.9) | 631.5 | 0.037 (2.2) | 291.5 | 0.021 (1.3) | 167.2 | 0.105 (6.3) | 823.7 | 0.134 (8.1) | 1,047.7 |
| 2010 | 0.174 (10.1) | 1,361.2 | 0.079 (4.6) | 615.0 | 0.045 (2.6) | 352.7 | 0.025 (1.4) | 192.0 | 0.108 (6.3) | 846.9 | 0.148 (8.6) | 1,157.0 |
| Avg. in 2008-2010 | 0.184 (10.8) | 1,438.5 | 0.083 (4.8) | 646.6 | 0.039 (2.3) | 308.2 | 0.023 (1.4) | 182.7 | 0.134 (7.8) | 1,048.8 | 0.140 (8.2) | 1,099.3 |
| 2011 | 0.190 (10.0) | 1,490.3 | 0.093 (4.9) | 728.3 | 0.055 (2.9) | 429.9 | 0.025 (1.3) | 197.7 | 0.108 (5.7) | 848.1 | 0.179 (9.4) | 1,403.1 |
| 2012 | 0.195 (9.8) | 1,528.7 | 0.096 (4.8) | 749.4 | 0.062 (3.1) | 485.4 | 0.023 (1.2) | 180.4 | 0.114 (5.7) | 890.7 | 0.206 (10.4) | 1,619.0 |
| 2013 | 0.206 (9.6) | 1,617.2 | 0.109 (5.1) | 858.7 | 0.069 (3.2) | 542.5 | 0.025 (1.2) | 198.5 | 0.126 (5.9) | 986.5 | 0.217 (10.2) | 1,702.7 |
| 2014 | 0.198 (9.3) | 1,561.6 | 0.110 (5.2) | 869.1 | 0.071 (3.3) | 559.5 | 0.026 (1.2) | 201.4 | 0.126 (5.9) | 992.9 | 0.205 (9.6) | 1,610.1 |
| 2015 | 0.195 (9.1) | 1,532.0 | 0.112 (5.2) | 878.4 | 0.070 (3.3) | 553.0 | 0.025 (1.2) | 197.8 | 0.125 (5.9) | 986.7 | 0.198 (9.3) | 1,560.1 |
| 2016 | 0.192 (8.8) | 1,510.5 | 0.116 (5.3) | 916.7 | 0.074 (3.4) | 585.7 | 0.026 (1.2) | 203.2 | 0.125 (5.7) | 986.5 | 0.212 (9.7) | 1,667.9 |
| 2017 | 0.195 (8.5) | 1,538.2 | 0.129 (5.6) | 1,018.2 | 0.080 (3.5) | 634.1 | 0.027 (1.2) | 215.1 | 0.132 (5.8) | 1,045.7 | 0.234 (10.2) | 1,844.0 |
| 2018 | 0.187 (8.0) | 1,477.5 | 0.138 (5.9) | 1,095.1 | 0.084 (3.6) | 666.4 | 0.028 (1.2) | 223.9 | 0.132 (5.6) | 1,041.9 | 0.247 (10.6) | 1,955.4 |
| 2019 | 0.181 (7.7) | 1,431.8 | 0.153 (6.5) | 1,209.9 | 0.084 (3.5) | 663.5 | 0.028 (1.2) | 220.4 | 0.135 (5.7) | 1,073.3 | 0.248 (10.5) | 1,965.3 |
| 2020 | 0.155 (7.6) | 1,226.7 | 0.144 (7.1) | 1,144.5 | 0.080 (3.9) | 632.1 | 0.025 (1.2) | 194.9 | 0.124 (6.1) | 980.5 | 0.192 (9.5) | 1,524.6 |
| 2021 | 0.158 (6.9) | 1,262.7 | 0.159 (6.9) | 1,266.4 | 0.084 (3.7) | 672.8 | 0.027 (1.2) | 215.5 | 0.127 (5.5) | 1,013.8 | 0.238 (10.3) | 1,892.8 |
| Year | Anesthesia (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Anesthesia per capita (yen) | Radiotherapy (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Radiotherapy per capita (yen) | Pathological diagnosis (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Pathological diagnosis per capita (yen) | Hospitalization fee (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | Hospitalization fee per capita (yen) | DPC/PDPS (1 trillion yen), n, (%) | DPC/PDPS per capita (yen) | ||
| 2008 | 0.023 (1.3) | 177.6 | 0.004 (0.3) | 35.2 | 0.007 (0.4) | 55.9 | 0.420 (24.2) | 3,292.9 | 0.120 (6.9) | 938.8 | ||
| 2009 | 0.021 (1.3) | 168.0 | 0.004 (0.3) | 34.8 | 0.007 (0.4) | 54.6 | 0.380 (22.9) | 2,978.0 | 0.188 (11.3) | 1,475.0 | ||
| 2010 | 0.024 (1.4) | 187.8 | 0.006 (0.3) | 47.1 | 0.008 (0.5) | 60.9 | 0.364 (21.1) | 2,845.9 | 0.251 (14.6) | 1,963.1 | ||
| Avg. in 2008-2010 | 0.023 (1.3) | 177.8 | 0.005 (0.3) | 39.0 | 0.007 (0.4) | 57.1 | 0.388 (22.7) | 3,038.9 | 0.186 (10.9) | 1,459.0 | ||
| 2011 | 0.025 (1.3) | 196.9 | 0.007 (0.4) | 55.4 | 0.008 (0.4) | 63.7 | 0.383 (20.1) | 2,996.4 | 0.287 (15.0) | 2,243.7 | ||
| 2012 | 0.028 (1.4) | 222.1 | 0.008 (0.4) | 61.5 | 0.009 (0.4) | 68.3 | 0.381 (19.1) | 2,986.4 | 0.312 (15.6) | 2,447.3 | ||
| 2013 | 0.029 (1.4) | 229.5 | 0.008 (0.4) | 65.5 | 0.010 (0.5) | 76.1 | 0.389 (18.2) | 3,052.7 | 0.320 (15.0) | 2,511.9 | ||
| 2014 | 0.028 (1.3) | 220.3 | 0.008 (0.4) | 63.6 | 0.009 (0.4) | 74.3 | 0.407 (19.0) | 3,201.0 | 0.319 (14.9) | 2,511.4 | ||
| 2015 | 0.026 (1.2) | 207.7 | 0.008 (0.4) | 61.7 | 0.009 (0.4) | 71.6 | 0.418 (19.6) | 3,289.0 | 0.325 (15.2) | 2,555.6 | ||
| 2016 | 0.028 (1.3) | 218.0 | 0.009 (0.4) | 67.0 | 0.010 (0.4) | 75.3 | 0.411 (18.8) | 3,238.0 | 0.345 (15.8) | 2,716.4 | ||
| 2017 | 0.030 (1.3) | 240.1 | 0.009 (0.4) | 69.7 | 0.010 (0.4) | 79.0 | 0.429 (18.7) | 3,386.7 | 0.355 (15.5) | 2,800.1 | ||
| 2018 | 0.031 (1.3) | 245.3 | 0.010 (0.4) | 81.5 | 0.010 (0.4) | 82.4 | 0.422 (18.1) | 3,339.5 | 0.372 (15.9) | 2,944.4 | ||
| 2019 | 0.031 (1.3) | 242.5 | 0.010 (0.4) | 81.7 | 0.010 (0.4) | 82.3 | 0.432 (18.3) | 3,425.3 | 0.377 (16.0) | 2,986.8 | ||
| 2020 | 0.024 (1.2) | 189.7 | 0.010 (0.5) | 75.4 | 0.007 (0.4) | 57.0 | 0.415 (20.4) | 3,290.6 | 0.318 (15.6) | 2,520.8 | ||
| 2021 | 0.029 (1.3) | 231.7 | 0.010 (0.4) | 82.1 | 0.010 (0.4) | 77.5 | 0.439 (19.0) | 3,494.1 | 0.349 (15.1) | 2,781.9 |
From: Trends in Medical Expenses for Ocular Examinations in Japan Based on Nationwide Database Studies
| Year | Total medical expenses (1 billion yen) | Total medical expenses per capita (yen) | Initial and repeat consultation fee (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Initial and repeat consultation fee per capita (yen) | Medical management (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Medical management per capita (yen) | At-home treatment (1 billion yen), n, (%) | At-home treatment per capita (yen) | Examinations (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Examinations per capita (yen) | Diagnostic imaging (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Diagnostic imaging per capita (yen) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 66.2 | 518.2 | 10.5 (15.8) | 81.8 | 0.8 (1.2) | 6.2 | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.9 | 23.2 (35.1) | 181.9 | 0.3 (0.4) | 2.0 |
| 2009 | 61.1 | 478.9 | 10.1 (16.5) | 79.1 | 0.8 (1.3) | 6.0 | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.9 | 22.7 (37.2) | 177.9 | 0.2 (0.4) | 1.8 |
| 2010 | 66.3 | 518.0 | 10.1 (15.2) | 78.7 | 0.8 (1.2) | 6.3 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.5 | 22.9 (34.6) | 179.0 | 0.6 (0.9) | 4.6 |
| Avg. in 2008-2010 | 64.5 | 505.0 | 10.2 (15.8) | 79.9 | 0.8 (1.2) | 6.2 | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.8 | 22.9 (35.6) | 179.6 | 0.4 (0.5) | 2.8 |
| 2011 | 70.8 | 553.8 | 9.9 (13.9) | 77.2 | 1.3 (1.8) | 9.9 | 1.0 (1.4) | 8.0 | 22.4 (31.6) | 174.9 | 0.7 (1.0) | 5.5 |
| 2012 | 77.4 | 606.8 | 10.6 (13.7) | 83.3 | 1.3 (1.7) | 10.2 | 1.0 (1.3) | 7.9 | 23.9 (30.9) | 187.4 | 0.7 (1.0) | 5.8 |
| 2013 | 88.1 | 692.3 | 11.8 (13.3) | 92.4 | 1.5 (1.7) | 11.6 | 1.1 (1.2) | 8.6 | 27.9 (31.7) | 219.3 | 0.8 (0.9) | 6.2 |
| 2014 | 90.8 | 714.6 | 12.4 (13.6) | 97.4 | 1.4 (1.5) | 10.9 | 1.0 (1.2) | 8.2 | 29.0 (31.9) | 228.0 | 0.8 (0.8) | 5.9 |
| 2015 | 91.7 | 721.8 | 12.6 (13.7) | 99.0 | 1.3 (1.5) | 10.5 | 1.1 (1.2) | 8.4 | 29.6 (32.3) | 233.1 | 0.7 (0.8) | 5.5 |
| 2016 | 93.4 | 735.6 | 12.6 (13.5) | 99.5 | 1.4 (1.5) | 10.7 | 1.1 (1.1) | 8.4 | 30.6 (32.8) | 241.4 | 0.7 (0.8) | 5.7 |
| 2017 | 99.6 | 786.2 | 13.4 (13.5) | 105.8 | 1.4 (1.4) | 11.3 | 1.1 (1.1) | 8.7 | 32.6 (32.8) | 257.6 | 0.8 (0.8) | 6.1 |
| 2018 | 103.3 | 816.7 | 13.3 (12.9) | 105.1 | 1.6 (1.6) | 12.8 | 1.1 (1.1) | 9.1 | 33.1 (32.0) | 261.7 | 0.8 (0.8) | 6.3 |
| 2019 | 102.2 | 809.9 | 12.4 (12.2) | 98.5 | 1.5 (1.5) | 11.9 | 1.2 (1.1) | 9.2 | 32.4 (31.7) | 256.4 | 0.8 (0.7) | 6.0 |
| 2020 | 76.9 | 609.6 | 8.7 (11.4) | 69.3 | 1.1 (1.5) | 9.0 | 1.1 (1.5) | 9.0 | 24.4 (31.7) | 193.5 | 0.5 (0.7) | 4.3 |
| 2021 | 96.0 | 765.3 | 12.0 (12.5) | 95.9 | 1.4 (1.5) | 11.4 | 1.2 (1.3) | 9.7 | 31.0 (32.3) | 247.4 | 0.7 (0.7) | 5.2 |
| Year | Medication (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Medication per capita (yen) | Injection (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Injection per capita (yen) | Rehabilitation (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Rehabilitation per capita (yen) | Psychiatric specialty therapy (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Psychiatric specialty therapy per capita (yen) | Treatment (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Treatment per capita (yen) | Surgery (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Surgery per capita (yen) |
| 2008 | 7.7 (11.6) | 60.1 | 0.3 (0.5) | 2.4 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 | 0.5 (0.7) | 3.7 | 16.5 (24.9) | 129.1 |
| 2009 | 7.4 (12.0) | 57.7 | 0.4 (0.6) | 2.9 | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.4 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 | 0.6 (1.0) | 5.0 | 13.5 (22.1) | 105.7 |
| 2010 | 6.7 (10.1) | 52.5 | 1.5 (2.3) | 11.7 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.5 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 | 0.5 (0.8) | 3.9 | 17.0 (25.7) | 133.1 |
| Avg. in 2008-2010 | 7.3 (11.3) | 56.8 | 0.7 (1.1) | 5.6 | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.4 | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 | 0.5 (0.8) | 4.2 | 15.7 (24.2) | 122.6 |
| 2011 | 7.8 (11.0) | 60.7 | 2.2 (3.1) | 17.0 | 0.3 (0.4) | 2.5 | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.4 | 1.3 (1.9) | 10.4 | 15.9 (22.5) | 124.7 |
| 2012 | 7.8 (10.1) | 61.3 | 2.8 (3.6) | 22.1 | 0.3 (0.4) | 2.7 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.4 | 1.3 (1.7) | 10.3 | 18.0 (23.3) | 141.4 |
| 2013 | 9.0 (10.2) | 70.5 | 3.7 (4.1) | 28.7 | 0.4 (0.5) | 3.2 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.5 | 1.4 (1.6) | 11.2 | 20.9 (23.8) | 164.6 |
| 2014 | 9.0 (10.0) | 71.2 | 5.2 (5.7) | 40.8 | 0.4 (0.4) | 3.2 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.5 | 1.4 (1.6) | 11.3 | 15.8 (17.4) | 124.3 |
| 2015 | 9.0 (9.8) | 70.9 | 5.7 (6.3) | 45.2 | 0.4 (0.4) | 2.8 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.5 | 1.4 (1.5) | 10.7 | 15.6 (17.0) | 122.8 |
| 2016 | 8.9 (9.6) | 70.3 | 5.9 (6.3) | 46.7 | 0.4 (0.4) | 2.9 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.4 | 1.3 (1.4) | 10.6 | 16.8 (18.0) | 132.4 |
| 2017 | 9.4 (9.4) | 74.0 | 7.0 (7.0) | 55.3 | 0.4 (0.4) | 3.0 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.5 | 1.4 (1.4) | 11.1 | 17.9 (18.0) | 141.6 |
| 2018 | 9.2 (8.9) | 72.4 | 8.0 (7.7) | 63.3 | 0.4 (0.4) | 3.1 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.5 | 1.4 (1.4) | 11.1 | 23.6 (22.8) | 186.6 |
| 2019 | 8.8 (8.6) | 69.7 | 8.8 (8.6) | 69.5 | 0.4 (0.3) | 2.8 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.5 | 1.4 (1.3) | 10.9 | 24.1 (23.5) | 190.6 |
| 2020 | 7.6 (9.9) | 60.1 | 8.2 (10.7) | 64.9 | 0.3 (0.4) | 2.5 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.4 | 1.2 (1.6) | 9.5 | 16.4 (21.4) | 130.3 |
| 2021 | 7.9 (8.2) | 63.1 | 9.3 (9.7) | 74.0 | 0.3 (0.3) | 2.7 | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.4 | 1.3 (1.3) | 10.0 | 21.8 (22.7) | 173.8 |
| Year | Anesthesia (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Anesthesia per capita (yen) | Radiotherapy (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Radiotherapy per capita (yen) | Pathological diagnosis (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Pathological diagnosis per capita (yen) | Hospitalization fee (1 billion yen), n, (%) | Hospitalization fee per capita (yen) | DPC/PDPS (1 billion yen), n, (%) | DPC/PDPS per capita (yen) | ||
| 2008 | 0.2 (0.4) | 1.9 | - | - | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.1 | 3.5 (5.2) | 27.2 | 2.6 (4.0) | 20.6 | ||
| 2009 | 0.3 (0.4) | 2.1 | - | - | 0.0 (0.01) | 0.1 | 1.7 (2.8) | 13.3 | 3.3 (5.4) | 26.0 | ||
| 2010 | 0.3 (0.5) | 2.5 | - | - | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 1.7 (2.6) | 13.6 | 3.9 (5.9) | 30.8 | ||
| Avg. in 2008-2010 | 0.3 (0.4) | 2.2 | - | - | 0.0 (0.02) | 0.1 | 2.3 (3.6) | 18.0 | 3.3 (5.1) | 25.8 | ||
| 2011 | 0.3 (0.5) | 2.5 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.1 (0.09) | 0.5 | 3.7 (5.3) | 29.1 | 3.9 (5.5) | 30.4 | ||
| 2012 | 0.4 (0.5) | 3.1 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.06) | 0.4 | 3.7 (4.7) | 28.8 | 5.3 (6.8) | 41.3 | ||
| 2013 | 0.4 (0.5) | 3.3 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.05) | 0.4 | 3.8 (4.3) | 29.9 | 5.3 (6.0) | 41.7 | ||
| 2014 | 0.3 (0.4) | 2.6 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.05) | 0.4 | 11.4 (12.6) | 89.7 | 2.6 (2.8) | 20.1 | ||
| 2015 | 0.3 (0.3) | 2.4 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.05) | 0.3 | 11.4 (12.4) | 89.4 | 2.5 (2.8) | 20.1 | ||
| 2016 | 0.3 (0.3) | 2.5 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.05) | 0.3 | 10.5 (11.3) | 82.8 | 2.6 (2.8) | 20.8 | ||
| 2017 | 0.4 (0.4) | 2.8 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.05) | 0.4 | 10.9 (11.0) | 86.2 | 2.7 (2.7) | 21.5 | ||
| 2018 | 0.4 (0.4) | 3.3 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.05) | 0.4 | 5.4 (5.2) | 42.8 | 4.8 (4.6) | 38.0 | ||
| 2019 | 0.4 (0.4) | 3.3 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.05) | 0.4 | 5.4 (5.3) | 42.7 | 4.7 (4.6) | 37.1 | ||
| 2020 | 0.3 (0.4) | 2.2 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.04) | 0.2 | 4.0 (5.1) | 31.4 | 2.9 (3.7) | 22.8 | ||
| 2021 | 0.4 (0.4) | 3.0 | 0.0 (0.03) | 0.2 | 0.0 (0.04) | 0.3 | 4.7 (4.9) | 37.2 | 3.9 (4.1) | 31.0 |
From: Trends in Medical Expenses for Ocular Examinations in Japan Based on Nationwide Database Studies
| Year | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Avg. in 2008-2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2021/(Avg. in 2008-2010) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall examinations | 154.3 | 156.1 | 155.3 | 155.2 | 171.9 | 179.2 | 202.8 | 203.5 | 202.3 | 208.0 | 217.4 | 222.1 | 222.0 | 171.9 | 231.5 | 149.1 |
| Ocular examination subtotal | 24.6 | 24.1 | 24.2 | 24.3 | 25.4 | 26.9 | 31.1 | 31.9 | 32.3 | 33.2 | 35.1 | 35.4 | 34.6 | 26.4 | 32.8 | 135.0 |
| Detailed fundus examination (unilateral) | 5.68 | 5.35 | 5.38 | 5.47 | 5.66 | 5.81 | 6.65 | 6.76 | 6.77 | 6.89 | 7.20 | 7.18 | 6.95 | 5.33 | 6.52 | 119.1 |
| Precision intraocular pressure measurement | 4.27 | 4.06 | 3.93 | 4.09 | 4.13 | 4.37 | 4.96 | 5.05 | 5.07 | 5.16 | 5.39 | 5.40 | 5.26 | 4.20 | 4.86 | 118.8 |
| Slit-light microscopy (anterior segment) | 3.24 | 3.10 | 3.08 | 3.14 | 3.18 | 3.40 | 3.83 | 3.91 | 3.92 | 3.97 | 4.20 | 4.20 | 3.99 | 3.06 | 3.73 | 118.8 |
| Corrective vision test | 3.26 | 3.13 | 2.99 | 3.13 | 3.10 | 3.31 | 3.78 | 3.86 | 3.89 | 3.98 | 4.17 | 4.32 | 4.20 | 3.14 | 3.98 | 127.4 |
| Slit-light microscopy (anterior and posterior segments) | 1.65 | 1.66 | 1.70 | 1.67 | 1.69 | 1.80 | 2.01 | 2.02 | 1.99 | 2.03 | 2.11 | 2.11 | 2.05 | 1.59 | 1.83 | 109.3 |
| Visual field testing | 1.51 | 1.70 | 1.68 | 1.63 | 1.90 | 1.84 | 2.32 | 2.40 | 2.48 | 2.63 | 2.85 | 2.96 | 2.97 | 2.39 | 2.95 | 181.2 |
| Refraction test | 1.55 | 1.49 | 1.48 | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.58 | 1.73 | 1.77 | 1.78 | 1.80 | 1.91 | 1.71 | 1.60 | 0.97 | 1.51 | 100.1 |
| Contact lens examination fee | 1.28 | 1.34 | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.38 | 1.45 | 1.62 | 1.50 | 1.57 | 1.50 | 1.53 | 1.43 | 1.34 | 0.81 | 1.18 | 89.1 |
| Corneal curvature measurement | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.99 | 1.04 | 1.26 | 1.32 | 1.35 | 1.39 | 1.51 | 1.51 | 1.46 | 0.90 | 1.42 | 161.0 |
| Optical coherence tomography | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.47 | 0.30 | 0.70 | 0.96 | 1.39 | 1.67 | 1.88 | 2.13 | 2.45 | 2.65 | 2.79 | 2.43 | 2.88 | 975.6 |
| Corneal endothelial cell density measurement | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 159.3 |
| Fundus camera imaging | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.37 | 141.2 |
| Adjustment test | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 105.7 |
| Pan-retinal vitreous examination (unilateral) | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 117.1 |
| Laser anterior chamber protein cell count test (1 billion yen) | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 148.1 |
From: Trends in Medical Expenses for Ocular Examinations in Japan Based on Nationwide Database Studies
| Year | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Avg. in 2008-2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2021/(Avg. in 2008-2010) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall examinations | 154.3 | 153.1 | 150.9 | 152.8 | 167.3 | 170.2 | 191.4 | 191.1 | 189.8 | 193.0 | 202.0 | 203.5 | 201.0 | 159.8 | 189.5 | 124.1 |
| Ocular examination subtotal | 33.8 | 32.7 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 34.7 | 36.7 | 41.8 | 42.6 | 42.9 | 43.7 | 46.1 | 46.1 | 44.5 | 33.5 | 41.9 | 125.8 |
| Detailed fundus examination (unilateral) | 10.14 | 9.55 | 9.61 | 9.77 | 10.11 | 10.38 | 11.87 | 12.07 | 12.09 | 12.31 | 12.86 | 12.82 | 12.40 | 9.52 | 11.64 | 119.1 |
| Precision intraocular pressure measurement | 5.02 | 4.78 | 4.78 | 4.86 | 5.03 | 5.33 | 6.05 | 6.16 | 6.18 | 6.29 | 6.57 | 6.58 | 6.41 | 5.11 | 5.92 | 121.9 |
| Slit-light microscopy (anterior segment) | 6.75 | 6.45 | 6.43 | 6.54 | 6.63 | 7.08 | 7.98 | 8.14 | 8.17 | 8.26 | 8.75 | 8.76 | 8.31 | 6.38 | 7.77 | 118.8 |
| Corrective vision test | 4.40 | 4.23 | 4.33 | 4.32 | 4.49 | 4.80 | 5.48 | 5.59 | 5.63 | 5.76 | 6.04 | 6.25 | 6.09 | 4.55 | 5.77 | 133.6 |
| Slit-light microscopy (anterior and posterior segments) | 1.48 | 1.48 | 1.52 | 1.49 | 1.51 | 1.61 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.78 | 1.81 | 1.89 | 1.89 | 1.83 | 1.42 | 1.63 | 109.3 |
| Visual field testing | 0.61 | 0.69 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.96 | 1.01 | 1.09 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 0.91 | 1.12 | 172.2 |
| Refraction test | 2.09 | 2.01 | 2.15 | 2.08 | 2.19 | 2.29 | 2.51 | 2.56 | 2.58 | 2.53 | 2.73 | 2.40 | 2.24 | 1.37 | 2.14 | 102.7 |
| Contact lens examination fee | 0.93 | 1.15 | 1.10 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.22 | 1.31 | 1.20 | 1.28 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 0.56 | 0.86 | 81.7 |
| Corneal curvature measurement | 0.99 | 0.95 | 1.09 | 1.01 | 1.18 | 1.23 | 1.50 | 1.57 | 1.61 | 1.66 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.73 | 1.07 | 1.69 | 167.2 |
| Optical coherence tomography | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.70 | 0.83 | 0.94 | 1.07 | 1.23 | 1.33 | 1.39 | 1.22 | 1.44 | 975.6 |
| Corneal endothelial cell density measurement | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 159.3 |
| Fundus camera imaging | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 123.9 |
| Adjustment test | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 111.8 |
| Pan-retinal vitreous examination (unilateral) | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 117.1 |
| Laser anterior chamber protein cell count test (1 million times) | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 148.1 |
