Figure and Table | Post Hoc Analysis of Frailty and Tracheostomy Risk in Older Patients Intubated and in an Intensive Care Unit in Japan: An Inverse Association in Older Patients with Advanced Age

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients Intubated in the ICU with and without Life-Sustaining Treatment Limitation, Stratified by Survival, and Tracheostomy Status.

From: Post Hoc Analysis of Frailty and Tracheostomy Risk in Older Patients Intubated and in an Intensive Care Unit in Japan: An Inverse Association in Older Patients with Advanced Age

	Survivors and non-survivors without life-sustaining treatment limitation^a		Survivors with life-sustaining treatment limitation
	Non-tracheostomy (n = 227)	Tracheostomy (n = 70)	Non-tracheostomy (n = 42)	Tracheostomy (n = 24)
Individual-level characteristics
Mean age (year) ± SD	78.1±6.8	84.4±8.8	81.1±5.7	90.1±4.7
Sex, male, n (%)	146 (64.3)	41 (87.2)	33 (78.6)	1 (4.2)
CCI, median (IQR)	4 (3-6)	5 (5-7)	6 (5-6)	8 (7-8)
APACHE, II score, median (IQR)	24 (13-31)	23 (15-33)	27 (22-32)	27 (22-36)
ICU admission category^b, n (%)
Cardiology	41 (18.1)	23 (32.9)	4 (9.5)	0 (0)
Pulmonary	37 (16.3)	27 (28.6)	7 (16.7)	3 (12.5)
Gastrointestinal	46 (20.3)	1 (1.4)	1 (2.4)	0 (0)
Neurology	65 (28.6)	7 (10)	24 (57.1)	20 (83.3)
Trauma	19 (8.4)	11 (15.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Endocrine	7 (3.1)	0 (0)	3 (7.1)	0 (0)
Skin/tissue	2 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Urology	2 (0.9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Others	8 (3.5)	1 (1.4)	3 (7.1)	1 (4.2)
ICU length of stay (days), median (IQR)	4 (3-9)	13 (8-15)	3 (3-9)	15 (11-15)
Major comorbidities, n (%)
Dementia	69 (30.4)	27 (38.6)	12 (28.7)	2 (8.3)
Congestive heart failure	30 (13.2)	2 (2.9)	1 (2.4)	1 (4.2)
Chronic pulmonary disease	14 (6.2)	23 (32.9)	4 (9.5)	22 (91.7)
Malignancy	17 (7.5)	5 (7.1)	3 (7.1)	20 (83.3)
^cCFS score, n (%)
1	19 (8.4)	5 (7.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)
2	56 (24.7)	21 (30)	3 (7.1)	0 (0)
3	34 (15)	32 (45.7)	24 (57.1)	0 (0)
4	52 (22.9)	5 (7.1)	3 (7.1)	1 (4.2)
5	32 (14.1)	1 (1.4)	0 (0)	1 (4.2)
6	7 (3.1)	3 (4.3)	4 (9.5)	22 (91.7)
7	26 (11.5)	2 (2.9)	6 (14.3)	0 (0)
8	1 (0.4)	1 (1.4)	2 (4.8)	0 (0)

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Table 2. Risk of Tracheostomy by Clinically Evident Frailty in the Survivors Intubated in the ICU both with and without Treatment Limitations, in addition to Non-Survivors in ICU without Treatment Limitations (n = 363)^a in Different Cutoffs of CFS (CFS4 and CFS 5).

From: Post Hoc Analysis of Frailty and Tracheostomy Risk in Older Patients Intubated and in an Intensive Care Unit in Japan: An Inverse Association in Older Patients with Advanced Age

	Tracheostomy case/n (%)	Risk ratio (95% CI) for tracheostomy
		Crude	Adjusted^b
CFS score ≥4	36/169 (21.3%)	0.71 (0.5-1.02)	0.4 (0.27-0.61)
CFS score <4	58/194 (29.9%)	Reference	Reference

CFS score ≥5	30/108 (27.8%)	1.11 (0.76-1.6)	0.49 (0.31-0.79)
CFS score <5	64/255 (25.1%)	Reference	Reference

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Table 3. Risk of Tracheostomy by Clinically Evident Frailty in the Survivors Intubated in the ICU both with and without Treatment Limitations, in addition to Non-Survivors in the ICU without Treatment Limitations, Stratified by Age Group in Different Frailty Cutoffs (CFS4 and CFS 5)^a.

From: Post Hoc Analysis of Frailty and Tracheostomy Risk in Older Patients Intubated and in an Intensive Care Unit in Japan: An Inverse Association in Older Patients with Advanced Age

		Tracheostomy case/n (%)^b	Risk ratio (95% CI) for tracheostomy
			Crude	Adjusted^c
Age ≥75	CFS score ≥4	33/147 (22.4%)	0.62 (0.43-0.9)	0.32 (0.2-0.5)
Age ≥75	CFS score <4	53/146 (36.3%)	Reference	Reference

Age <75	CFS score ≥4	3/22 (13.6%)	1.31 (0.34-5.05)
Age <75	CFS score <4	5/48 (10.4%)	Reference

Age ≥75	CFS score ≥5	57/193 (29.5%)	0.98 (0.67-1.43)	0.39 (0.23-0.67)
Age ≥75	CFS score <5	29/100 (29.0%)	Reference	Reference

Age <75	CFS score ≥5	1/8 (12.5%)	1.11 (0.15-7.99)
Age <75	CFS score <5	7/62 (11.3%)	Reference

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