Figure and Table | Prescription of Ninjin’yoeito, A Japanese Kampo Medicine, in Relation to Levels of Long-Term Care Needs or Disabilities in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1. Study participant characteristics (N = 59,133).

From: Prescription of Ninjin’yoeito, A Japanese Kampo Medicine, in Relation to Levels of Long-Term Care Needs or Disabilities in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

		n (%) / median [IQR]
Age (years)		80 [77-85]
Age group (years)	75-79	26,244 (44.4)
	80-89	27,722 (46.9)
	≥90	5,167 (8.7)
Sex	Female	34,652 (58.6)
LTC needs levels	Independent	41,310 (69.9)
	Support level 1 or 2	6,331 (10.7)
	Care level 1 or 2	7,653 (12.9)
	Care levels 3 to 5	3,839 (6.5)
Physical disability^a	Independent	41,317 (69.9)
	Independent living (rank J)	6,223 (10.5)
	Semi-bedridden/bedridden (rank A, B, or C)	11,593 (19.6)
Cognitive impairment^b	Independent	43,328 (73.3)
	Mild/moderate (rank I or II)	13,335 (22.6)
	Severe (rank III, IV, or M)	2,470 (4.2)

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Table 2. Association of Levels of Long-Term Care Needs or Disability with Ninjin’yoeito Prescription.

From: Prescription of Ninjin’yoeito, A Japanese Kampo Medicine, in Relation to Levels of Long-Term Care Needs or Disabilities in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

	n	N	%	aOR (95% CI)	p-Value
LTC needs levels
Independent	65	41,310	0.16	Reference	Reference
Support level 1 or 2	30	6,331	0.47	2.68 (1.70-4.21)	<0.001
Care level 1 or 2	26	7,653	0.34	1.91 (1.18-3.10)	0.009
Care levels 3 to 5	<10	3,839		1.29 (0.62-2.68)	0.497
Hosmer-Lemeshow χ² (df = 5)				2.13	0.831
Disability levels (physical disability^a and cognitive impairment^b)
Independent and independent	65	41,313	0.16	Reference	Reference
Independent and mild/moderate	<10	<10		-	-
Independent and severe	<10	<10		-	-
Independent living and independent	<10	1,270		1.82 (0.66-5.03)	0.248
Independent living and mild/moderate	28	4,895	0.57	3.24 (2.04-5.15)	<0.001
Independent living and severe	<10	58		-	-
Semi-bedridden/bedridden and independent	<10	745		1.57 (0.38-6.46)	0.530
Semi-bedridden/bedridden and mild/moderate	24	8,437	0.28	1.58 (0.96-2.61)	0.075
Semi-bedridden/bedridden and severe	<10	2,411		1.57 (0.70-3.54)	0.277
Hosmer-Lemeshow χ² (df = 6)				2.17	0.903

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Table 3. Top 10 ICD-10 Diagnoses with the Large Differences in Diagnosis Rates According to the Presence or Absence of Ninjin’yoeito Prescriptions.

From: Prescription of Ninjin’yoeito, A Japanese Kampo Medicine, in Relation to Levels of Long-Term Care Needs or Disabilities in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

ICD-10	Diseases	Prescribed (N = 130)	Not prescribed (N = 59,003)
ICD-10	Diseases	n (%)	n (%)
R63	Symptoms and signs concerning food and fluid intake	57 (43.8)	1,889 (3.2)
R53	Malaise and fatigue	33 (25.4)	669 (1.1)
M54	Dorsalgia	59 (45.4)	17,010 (28.8)
K59	Other functional intestinal disorders	69 (53.1)	22,418 (38.0)
M81	Osteoporosis without pathological fracture	56 (43.1)	16,642 (28.2)
M47	Spondylosis	45 (34.6)	12,419 (21.0)
K29	Gastritis and duodenitis	67 (51.5)	22,650 (38.4)
I50	Heart failure	44 (33.8)	12,377 (21.0)
J30	Vasomotor and allergic rhinitis	47 (36.2)	13,826 (23.4)
G47	Sleep disorders	56 (43.1)	18,134 (30.7)

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