Table 1. Clinical Questions, Background Questions, and Future Research Questions Addressed in this Guideline.

From: Clinical Practice Guideline for Rehabilitation Nutrition 2026: Executive Summary of the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition Guideline 2026—A Secondary Publication

Domain No. Question type Question
Cerebrovascular Disease 1 CQ1 Should enhanced nutritional care be provided to patients with acute cerebrovascular disease undergoing rehabilitation?
Cerebrovascular Disease 2 CQ2 Should enhanced nutritional care be provided to patients with cerebrovascular disease in the convalescent phase undergoing rehabilitation?
Proximal Femoral Fracture 3 CQ3 Should enhanced nutritional care be provided to patients with proximal femoral fracture undergoing rehabilitation?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 4 CQ4 Should enhanced nutritional care be provided to outpatients and inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing rehabilitation?
Cancer 5 CQ5 Should a combined rehabilitation and nutritional therapy program be provided to adult patients with solid tumors before or after treatment or with advanced or recurrent disease, excluding refractory cachexia?
Dysphagia 6 BQ1 What exercise therapies are available for patients with dysphagia?
Dysphagia 7 BQ2 What nutritional therapies are available for patients with dysphagia?
Dysphagia 8 BQ3 What clinical problems are associated with malnutrition in patients with dysphagia?
Dysphagia 9 CQ6 Should exercise therapy be provided to patients with dysphagia?
Dysphagia 10 CQ7 Should exercise therapy and nutritional therapy be combined to improve swallowing function in patients with dysphagia?
Dysphagia 11 CQ8 Should nutritional therapy, including enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, oral nutritional supplements, and nutritional counseling, be provided to patients with dysphagia?
Intensive Exercise Therapy 12 FRQ1 Should intensive exercise therapy be provided to patients with malnutrition receiving nutritional therapy?
Enhanced Nutritional Care 13 BQ4 What is the range of energy expenditure in older adults aged 65 years or older undergoing rehabilitation, and are there simple methods for estimating energy expenditure?
Enhanced Nutritional Care 14 CQ9 Should registered dietitians perform nutritional assessment for older adults undergoing rehabilitation in outpatient and inpatient settings, older adults requiring long-term care, and frail older adults?
Enhanced Nutritional Care 15 CQ10 Should registered dietitians provide nutritional counseling to older adults undergoing rehabilitation in outpatient and inpatient settings, older adults requiring long-term care, and frail older adults?
Oral Management 16 CQ11 Does combining professional oral management with rehabilitation improve outcomes compared with rehabilitation alone in rehabilitation inpatients?
Pharmaceutical Intervention 17 CQ12 Is pharmacist-led pharmaceutical intervention effective in patients undergoing rehabilitation?
Hospital-Associated Sarcopenia 18 BQ5 What is the incidence of hospital-associated sarcopenia, and what are its causes and risk factors?
Social Determinants of Health 19 FRQ2 Is screening for social determinants of health useful for improving outcomes in adults receiving rehabilitation treatment or exercise therapy?
Social Determinants of Health 20 FRQ3 Do interventions that take social determinants of health into account improve outcomes, including treatment continuation, activities of daily living, and healthcare costs, in adults receiving rehabilitation treatment or exercise therapy?
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