JMA Journal

Figure 1. Neutralizing antibody titers of the COVID-19 patients’ sera. (Cited and modified from Tjan LH, Nagano T, Furukawa K, et al. The trend of neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 and the cytokine/chemokine release in patients with differing severities of COVID-19: all individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 obtained neutralizing antibody. medRxiv. 2020 (19). Copyright of the figure belongs to the authors.)
The neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 were measured for the patients’ sera. Each panel includes the results for the sera obtained from the indicated patient at a single or several time point(s). The top bars of each panel indicate the symptom transition by colors as follows: Orange, upper respiratory symptoms without pneumonia; Pink, pneumonia not requiring oxygenation; Red, pneumonia requiring oxygenation; Black, severe symptoms requiring intensive care including mechanical ventilation; Blue, recovered with residual symptoms.The neutralizing antibody titers of the control sera obtained from 17 healthy donors and 5 asymptomatic patients are also included. The numbers marked as 0 (zero) in the panel indicates that no neutralizing activity has been detected. The open arrowheads below the top bar indicate the time point(s) of cytokine/chemokine measurement presented in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Cytokine/chemokine concentrations in the sera obtained from COVID-19 patients (Cited and modified from Ref 19. Copyright of the figure belongs to the authors.)
The serum levels of cytokines and chemokines were evaluated using the multiplex suspension array system Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine Screening 48-Plex Panel (Bio-Rad). Each of the observed fluorescent values for 48 kinds of cytokines/chemokines was blank-corrected and translated to the concentration using the respective standard curves for each cytokine or chemokine. Subsequently, the values were used to calculate the serum concentration by considering the dilution rate. The values are the averages of the duplicated wells. Values lower than the applicable range of the standard curve were shown as zero and indicated in gray. Values lower than the averages of those of the healthy controls are indicated in pale blue. The values higher than the average are indicated in red color according to the levels.