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Table 1. Comparison of Baseline Characteristics, Including Physical Assessment, Nutritional Status, Medical History, Laboratory Data and Medications between the ARNI and ARB Groups.

From: Real-world Practical Experience of Angiotensin Receptor-neprilysin Inhibitor in Older Japanese Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Characteristic ARNI (n = 27) ARB (n = 28) p value
Age (yrs.) 85 [78, 87] 81 [78, 85] 0.40
Female 14 (51.9) 11 (39.3) 0.38
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 121 [106, 141] 123 [109, 142] 0.81
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 70 [60, 80] 71 [61, 80] 0.87
Heart rate (beats/min) 69 [58, 83] 73 [61, 82] 0.64
Body-mass index (kg/m2) 23.7 [21.8, 26.1] 23.9 [20.8, 26.6] 0.97
CONUT score 4 [2, 5] 3 [2, 5] 0.19
　≥ 5 13 (48.1) 10 (35.7) 0.41
GNRI 95.2 [82.7, 99.9] 96.4 [88.7, 102.6] 0.86
　<92 12 (44.4) 9 (32.1) 0.48
Medical history
　Hypertension 21 (77.8) 20 (71.4) 0.72
　Diabetes 8 (29.6) 9 (32.1) 0.85
　Dyslipidemia 9 (33.3) 11 (39.3) 0.80
　Atrial fibrillation 13 (48.1) 11 (39.3) 0.62
　Chronic kidney disease 11 (40.7) 11 (39.3) 0.90
　Anemia 8 (29.6) 5 (17.9) 0.38
　Stroke 7 (25.9) 5 (17.9) 0.65
　Hospitalization for heart failure 27 (100.0) 28 (100.0) 1.00
　Ischemic heart disease 5 (18.5) 4 (14.3) 0.77
　Peripheral vascular disorder 2 (7.4) 2 (7.1) 0.91
　Malignancy 2 (7.4) 4 (14.3) 0.67
Laboratory data
　BNP (pg/mL) 330.0 [135.0, 543.2] 398.2 [152.3, 761.0] 0.49
　NT-pro BNP (pg/mL) 2100 [1329, 2454] 1605 [1129, 2526] 0.51
　Hemoglobin (g/dL) 12.3 [11.3, 12.7] 12.5 [11.5, 13.3] 0.19
　Total lymphocyte count (/μL) 1340 [1110, 1780] 1655 [1503, 1810] 0.09
　Albumin (g/dL) 3.2 [2.8, 3.9] 3.4 [3.1, 3.7] 0.97
　Creatinine (mg/dL) 1.37 [0.80, 1.53] 1.22 [0.89, 1.52] 0.83
　eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) 35.8 [28.2, 53.8] 41.1 [28.9, 60.0] 0.43
　Potassium (mEq/L) 4.5 [4.4, 4.7] 4.5 [4.1, 4.7] 0.68
　Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 151 [138, 191] 155 [139, 197] 0.74
　LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 83 [63, 106] 89 [71, 111] 0.69
Medication
　Beta-blocker 17 (63.0) 21 (75.0) 0.47
　Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist 19 (70.4) 19 (67.9) 0.85
　SGLT2 inhibitor 3 (11.2) 5 (17.9) 0.60
　Ivabradine 2 (7.4) 2 (7.1) 0.87
　Tolvaptan 13 (48.1) 8 (28.6) 0.65
　Loop diuretic 27 (100) 22 (78.6) 0.04
　Statin 14 (51.9) 13 (46.4) 0.68
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Table 2. Change in the Echocardiographic Parameter between the Baseline and at 24 Weeks after ARNI or ARB Therapy.

From: Real-world Practical Experience of Angiotensin Receptor-neprilysin Inhibitor in Older Japanese Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

ARNI (n = 27) ARB (n = 28) p-value LSMD 95% CI, p value
Baseline 24 weeks Baseline 24week Baseline ARNI - ARB ARNI Baseline - 24week ARB Baseline - 24week Baseline-24week ARNI - ARB
LVEDV (mL) 65.5 [53.4, 98.6] 56.0 [48.2, 91.4] 66.4 [54.8, 93.7] 64.3 [54.8, 79.8] 0.71 0.85 0.75 −1.1 (−14.5, 16.6), 0.89
LVESV (mL) 26.1 [15.7, 53.4] 21.3 [14.3, 49.9] 26.1 [15.0, 40.4] 26.9 [15.8, 42.6] 0.82 0.76 0.95 −1.6 (−13.6, 10.4), 0.79
LVEF (%) 56.7 [38.0, 61.2] 61.1 [51.0, 66.3] 60.1. [46.2, 64.4] 60.7 [48.4, 65.9] 0.04 0.22 0.39 1.7 (−2.9, 7.3), 0.47
LVEF >50% 11 (40.7) 17 (63.0) 15 (53.6) 18 (64.3) 0.39 0.48 0.62 -
LVEF 40-49% 5 (18.5) 7 (25.9) 7 (25.0) 6 (21.4) 0.62 0.65 0.76 -
LVEF <40% 11 (40.7) 3 (11.1) 6 (21.4) 4 (14.3) 0.36 0.04 0.56 -
LAV (mL) 65.9 [61.3, 102.0] 61.4 [54.5, 83.2] 64.7 [57.9, 78.3] 66.3 [58.2, 77.1] 0.45 0.31 0.94 −7.1 (−20.0, 5.7), 0.27
LAVI (mL/m2) 45.4 [42.1, 62.3] 42.7 [33.7, 53.7] 45.4 [40.8, 54.4] 44.3 [41.2, 54.6] 0.45 0.37 0.91 −4.3 (−14.1, 5.5), 0.39
LAD (mm) 43 [38, 49] 41 [37, 44] 41 [36, 50] 40 [36, 44] 0.68 0.08 0.33 −1.8 (−3.1, 2.3), 0.41
LVDd (mm) 47.0 [42.0, 50.0] 44.5 [39.8, 46.3] 48.5 [41.5, 51.0] 48.5 [40.5, 51.5] 0.32 0.49 0.50 −0.3 (−4.4, 3.8), 0.89
LVDs (mm) 32 [30, 39] 29.0 [26.0, 35.5] 32.0 [28.3, 36.0] 32.5 [26.8, 40.3] 0.44 0.37 0.47 −1.3 (−3.2, 2.8), 0.91
IVST (mm) 11 [10, 12] 11 [10, 12] 12 [10, 12] 11 [10, 12] 0.86 0.99 0.90 −0.1 (−0.9, 1.1), 0.80
PWT (mm) 11 [10, 12] 11 [10, 11] 11 [10, 12] 11 [10, 12] 0.94 0.45 0.30 0.0 (−1.1, 1.1), 0.98
DcT (msec) 194 [151, 208] 208.5 [181.8, 254.5] 195.5 [148.5, 212.0] 215.0 [173.0, 256.5] 0.73 0.32 0.68 2.0 (−35.0, 39.0), 0.92
e' septal (cm/sec) 5.17 [4.80, 6.01] 5.71 [4.70, 7.24] 5.15 [4.24, 6.72] 5.86 [4.25, 6.67] 0.60 0.80 0.58 0.19 (−1.21, 1.59), 0.79
e' lateral (cm/sec) 6.09 [5.10, 8.17] 8.12 [5.38, 9.48] 6.00 [5.09, 8.60] 7.98 [4.76, 9.49] 0.99 0.31 0.90 0.40 (−0.96, 1.76), 0.56
E/e' septal 15.4 [12.6, 22.7] 14.9 [10.8, 22.5] 14.7 [10.2, 19.2] 14.2 [9.8, 19.1] 0.47 0.81 0.72 0.3 (−3.1, 3.6), 0.88
E/e' lateral 13.5 [10.2, 14.8] 12.7 [9.3, 14.4] 11.6 [8.8, 14.8] 11.4 [7.8, 15.7] 0.68 0.82 0.90 0.3 (−2.7, 3.3), 0.83
E/e' mean 14.6 [11.3, 17.6] 14.6 [10.1, 17.7] 14.4 [9.8, 20.9] 13.9 [8.4, 18.0] 0.75 0.91 0.50 1.3 (−1.7, 3.3), 0.39
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Table 3. Change in Body Composition Analyzer between the Baseline and at 24 Weeks after ARNI or ARB Therapy.

From: Real-world Practical Experience of Angiotensin Receptor-neprilysin Inhibitor in Older Japanese Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

ARNI (n = 26) ARB (n = 28) p-value LSMD 95% CI, p value
Baseline 24 weeks Baseline 24 weeks Baseline ARNI - ARB ARNI Baseline - 24week ARB Baseline - 24week Baseline-24week ARNI - ARB
Body fat mass (kg) 19.1 [16.4, 24.8] 19.9 [18.2, 26.7] 19.1 [9.8, 25.7] 19.3 [13.3, 25.7] 0.67 0.66 0.46 0.6 (−1.2, 2.1), 0.32
Present body fat (%) 34.5 [30.0, 39.0] 35.4 [30.2, 42.0] 34.1 [21.1, 37.9] 35.4 [22.8, 38.1] 0.32 0.75 0.46 1.6 (−2.4, 3.4), 0.51
Intracellular water (L) 16.1 [14.2, 19.9] 16.0 [14.7, 20.8] 16.7 [15.3, 20.1] 16.9 [14.5, 20.5] 0.34 0.60 0.45 −0.9 (−1.2, 2.0), 0.41
Extracellular water (L) 10.6 [10.1, 19.9] 10.6 [9.9, 12.5] 10.8 [10.3, 13.8] 11.0 [10.3, 13.9] 0.45 0.86 0.41 0.4 (−0.8, 1.6), 0.47
Extracellular water/Total body water 0.41 [0.41, 0.41] 0.41 [0.40, 0.41] 0.40 [0.40, 0.41] 0.41 [0.40, 0.41] 0.28 0.22 0.35 −0.01 (−0.01, 0.00), 0.55
Skeletal muscle mass (kg) 18.7 [16.5, 22.2] 18.0 [16.7, 24.9] 19.7 [18.0, 24.4] 20.0[16.8, 25.5] 0.20 0.89 0.44 −1.7 (−2.0, 2.9), 0.41
Basal metabolism (kcal/day) 1155.5 [1076.3, 1662.3] 1172.0 [1081.5, 1424.3] 1178.5 [1119.0, 1356.0] 1178.5[1094.3, 1380.3] 0.32 0.47 0.89 39.7 (−57.8, 117.2), 0.42
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