Figure and Table | Crafting Informative Titles in Medical Articles to Enhance the Comprehension of the Study Findings

Table 1. Categories of Titles According to “To Which Extent Reflecting the Manuscript’s Content” .

1.	Type 1: A title reflecting only the theme (problem, hypothesis, or question)
	“Routine mid-trimester administration of metronidazole to reduce preterm birth”
	1’ (bottom) indicates the worst titles of this type.
2.	Type 2: A title reflecting the materials and methods (M&M)
	“Routine mid-trimester administration of metronidazole to reduce preterm birth: A double-blind study on 1000 pregnant women”
3.	Type 3: A title reflecting the results
	“Efficacy of routine mid-trimester administration of metronidazole to reduce preterm birth: A double-blind study on 1000 pregnant women”
	“Decrease of preterm birth rate in women with routine mid-trimester administration of metronidazole: A double-blind study on 1000 pregnant women”
4.	Type 4: A title reflecting the study’s significance
	“A new recommended strategy of routine mid-trimester metronidazole administration to effectively reduce preterm birth: A double-blind study on 1000 pregnant women”
	“A routine mid-trimester administration of metronidazole as a new recommended strategy to effectively reduce preterm birth: A double-blind study on 1000 pregnant women”

1’:	Extreme examples of the type 1 title, the worst titles.
	“Study on the relationship between routine mid-trimester administration of metronidazole and preterm birth” (“Research into” or “Analysis of”)
	“Prophylactical administration of antibiotics for preterm birth”

Table 2. Examples of Creating a Noun Phrase Title from a Sentence Expression.

Type 1: Theme only:

　We investigated whether measuring X predicted the occurrence of Y.

　“Measuring X to predict the occurrence of Y”

Type 2: Up to Materials and Methods:

　We investigated whether measuring X predicted the occurrence of Y using a new Z technique for detecting X.

　“Measuring X to predict the occurrence of Y with the use of Z technique”

Type 3: Up to the Results:

　A high X value predicted the occurrence of Y.

　“Prediction of occurrence of Y by measurement of X using Z technique”

Type 4: Up to study’s significance:

　A high X value predicted the occurrence of Y in the most effective manner among the reported methods.

　“The best method to predict the occurrence of Y: measuring X using Z technique”