| Characteristic* | Overall participants (N = 44,083) | Men (n = 20,634) | Women (n = 23,449) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥2.0 million JPY | <2.0 million JPY | ≥2.0 million JPY | <2.0 million JPY | ≥2.0 million JPY | <2.0 million JPY | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Non-current smoker | 19,830 (89.7) | 19,351 (88.0) | 8,936 (82.1) | 7,671 (78.7) | 10,894 (97.2) | 11,680 (95.5) |
| Current smoker | 2,273 (10.3) | 2,629 (12.0) | 1,955 (17.9) | 2,073 (21.3) | 318 (2.8) | 556 (4.5) |
| Age | ||||||
| 65-69 | 7,179 (32.5) | 5,885 (26.8) | 3,595 (33.0) | 2,601 (26.7) | 3,584 (32.0) | 3,284 (26.8) |
| 70-74 | 6,439 (29.1) | 6,739 (30.7) | 3,186 (29.3) | 3,055 (31.4) | 3,253 (29.0) | 3,684 (30.1) |
| 75-79 | 4,604 (20.8) | 5,235 (23.8) | 2,227 (20.5) | 2,325 (23.9) | 2,377 (21.2) | 2,911 (23.8) |
| 80-84 | 2,706 (12.2) | 2,813 (12.8) | 1,349 (12.4) | 1,248 (12.8) | 1,357 (12.1) | 1,565 (12.8) |
| ≥85 | 1,175 (5.3) | 1,308 (6.0) | 533 (4.9) | 515 (5.3) | 642 (5.7) | 793 (6.5) |
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| ≥13 years | 5,584 (25.3) | 2,642 (12.0) | 3,504 (32.2) | 1,508 (15.5) | 2,080 (18.6) | 1,133 (9.3) |
| 10-12 years | 8,935 (40.4) | 6,806 (31.0) | 4,062 (37.3) | 3,010 (30.9) | 4,873 (43.5) | 3,796 (31.0) |
| 6-9 years | 7,310 (33.1) | 11,901 (54.1) | 3,239 (29.7) | 5,028 (51.6) | 4,071 (36.3) | 6,873 (56.2) |
| <6 years | 274 (1.2) | 632 (2.9) | 86 (0.8) | 197 (2.0) | 189 (1.7) | 434 (3.5) |
| Self-rated health | ||||||
| Very good | 2,970 (13.4) | 2,357 (10.7) | 1,537 (14.1) | 1,084 (11.1) | 1,433 (12.8) | 1,273 (10.4) |
| Good | 15,707 (71.1) | 14,889 (67.7) | 7,550 (69.3) | 6,422 (65.9) | 8,157 (72.8) | 8,467 (69.2) |
| Poor | 2,989 (13.5) | 4,113 (18.7) | 1,567 (14.4) | 1,898 (19.5) | 1,423 (12.7) | 2,216 (18.1) |
| Very poor | 437 (2.0) | 620 (2.8) | 237 (2.2) | 339 (3.5) | 199 (1.8) | 281 (2.3) |
| GDS | ||||||
| Not depression | 17,331 (78.4) | 14,376 (65.4) | 8,510 (78.1) | 6,261 (64.3) | 8,821 (78.7) | 8,114 (66.3) |
| Suggestive depression | 3,907 (17.7) | 5,496 (25.0) | 1,931 (17.7) | 2,500 (25.7) | 1,976 (17.6) | 2,996 (24.5) |
| Depression | 865 (3.9) | 2,108 (9.6) | 450 (4.1) | 982 (10.1) | 415 (3.7) | 1,127 (9.2) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Having partner | 16,558 (74.9) | 15,206 (69.2) | 9,524 (87.4) | 8,323 (85.4) | 7,034 (62.7) | 6,884 (56.3) |
| Not having a partner | 5,546 (25.1) | 6,773 (30.8) | 1,367 (12.6) | 1,421 (14.6) | 4,179 (37.3) | 5,353 (43.7) |
| Walking time | ||||||
| ≥90 minutes | 3,647 (16.5) | 3,171 (14.4) | 1,883 (17.3) | 1,506 (15.5) | 1,764 (15.7) | 1,665 (13.6) |
| 60-89 minutes | 3,699 (16.7) | 3,281 (14.9) | 1,922 (17.7) | 1,522 (15.6) | 1,777 (15.8) | 1,759 (14.4) |
| 30-59 minutes | 8,114 (36.7) | 7,504 (34.1) | 3,973 (36.5) | 3,253 (33.4) | 4,140 (36.9) | 4,251 (34.7) |
| <30 minutes | 6,644 (30.1) | 8,024 (36.5) | 3,112 (28.6) | 3,463 (35.5) | 3,532 (31.5) | 4,562 (37.3) |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Have job | 5,779 (26.1) | 4,036 (18.4) | 3,607 (33.1) | 2,214 (22.7) | 2,172 (19.4) | 1,822 (14.9) |
| Retired job | 13,887 (62.8) | 14,449 (65.7) | 6,944 (63.8) | 6,844 (70.2) | 6,943 (61.9) | 7,605 (62.2) |
| Never had job | 2,438 (11.0) | 3,494 (15.9) | 340 (3.1) | 685 (7.0) | 2,098 (18.7) | 2,809 (23.0) |
| Alcohol consumption habit | ||||||
| Not drink | 12,589 (57.0) | 13,988 (63.6) | 3,597 (33.0) | 3,746 (38.4) | 8,992 (80.2) | 10,242 (83.7) |
| Used to drink | 717 (3.2) | 814 (3.7) | 600 (5.5) | 657 (6.7) | 117 (1.0) | 158 (1.3) |
| Drink | 8,797 (39.8) | 7,178 (32.7) | 6,694 (61.5) | 5,341 (54.8) | 2,104 (18.8) | 1,837 (15.0) |
| Overall participants | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dementia incidence (%) | Dementia incidence by person-year | Dementia incidence (%) | Dementia incidence by person-year | Dementia incidence (%) | Dementia incidence by person-year | |
| Total | 17.3 | 0.023 | 16.2 | 0.022 | 18.2 | 0.023 |
| Equivalent income (JPY) | ||||||
| ≥2.0 million | 15.4 | 0.020 | 14.4 | 0.019 | 16.3 | 0.021 |
| <2.0 million | 19.1 | 0.025 | 18.2 | 0.025 | 19.8 | 0.026 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Non-current smoker | 17.3 | 0.0225 | 16.1 | 0.022 | 18.1 | 0.023 |
| Current smoker | 17.1 | 0.0235 | 16.7 | 0.023 | 19.0 | 0.026 |
| Age | ||||||
| 65-69 | 4.8 | 0.006 | 5.3 | 0.006 | 4.3 | 0.005 |
| 70-74 | 10.6 | 0.013 | 10.9 | 0.014 | 10.4 | 0.013 |
| 75-79 | 23.1 | 0.031 | 21.8 | 0.031 | 24.1 | 0.032 |
| 80-84 | 37.2 | 0.059 | 33.3 | 0.054 | 40.6 | 0.062 |
| ≥85 | 50.8 | 0.101 | 46.0 | 0.096 | 54.4 | 0.105 |
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| ≥13 years | 14.4 | 0.019 | 14.4 | 0.019 | 14.4 | 0.018 |
| 10-12 years | 15.2 | 0.020 | 13.7 | 0.018 | 16.4 | 0.021 |
| 6-9 years | 19.1 | 0.025 | 18.8 | 0.026 | 19.3 | 0.025 |
| <6 years | 39.8 | 0.065 | 33.8 | 0.055 | 42.5 | 0.069 |
| Self-rated health | ||||||
| Very good | 11.8 | 0.015 | 11.0 | 0.014 | 12.7 | 0.016 |
| Good | 15.9 | 0.020 | 14.9 | 0.020 | 16.7 | 0.021 |
| Poor | 25.5 | 0.037 | 24.1 | 0.036 | 26.8 | 0.037 |
| Very poor | 28.2 | 0.048 | 24.4 | 0.045 | 32.7 | 0.052 |
| GDS | ||||||
| Not depression | 15.4 | 0.020 | 14.5 | 0.019 | 16.1 | 0.020 |
| Suggestive depression | 21.4 | 0.029 | 19.9 | 0.028 | 22.8 | 0.030 |
| Depression | 24.2 | 0.035 | 22.1 | 0.033 | 26.1 | 0.037 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Having partner | 14.6 | 0.019 | 15.4 | 0.020 | 13.6 | 0.017 |
| Not having partner | 24.1 | 0.033 | 21.4 | 0.031 | 24.8 | 0.034 |
| Walking time | ||||||
| ≥90 minutes | 11.6 | 0.014 | 10.2 | 0.013 | 13.0 | 0.016 |
| 60-89 minutes | 14.2 | 0.018 | 13.6 | 0.018 | 14.8 | 0.019 |
| 30-59 minutes | 16.5 | 0.021 | 16.0 | 0.021 | 16.9 | 0.021 |
| <30 minutes | 22.1 | 0.031 | 20.9 | 0.030 | 23.2 | 0.031 |
| Employment status | ||||||
| Have job | 10.1 | 0.013 | 10.1 | 0.013 | 10.2 | 0.012 |
| Retired job | 17.9 | 0.024 | 17.9 | 0.024 | 17.9 | 0.023 |
| Never had job | 26.1 | 0.036 | 28.6 | 0.043 | 25.5 | 0.035 |
| Alcohol consumption habit | ||||||
| Not drink | 19.3 | 0.025 | 19.1 | 0.027 | 19.4 | 0.025 |
| Used to drink | 20.5 | 0.029 | 21.5 | 0.032 | 16.1 | 0.021 |
| Drink | 13.5 | 0.017 | 13.9 | 0.018 | 12.4 | 0.015 |
| Region of residence | ||||||
| Area 1 | 16.1 | 0.021 | 15.7 | 0.021 | 16.4 | 0.021 |
| Area 2 | 20.1 | 0.027 | 21.0 | 0.029 | 19.3 | 0.025 |
| Area 3 | 20.5 | 0.028 | 19.2 | 0.027 | 21.7 | 0.029 |
| Area 4 | 22.2 | 0.028 | 20.5 | 0.026 | 23.6 | 0.030 |
| Area 5 | 13.8 | 0.019 | 14.3 | 0.021 | 13.1 | 0.018 |
| Area 6 | 14.9 | 0.021 | 14.0 | 0.020 | 15.8 | 0.022 |
| Area 7 | 17.2 | 0.024 | 16.6 | 0.024 | 17.7 | 0.024 |
| Area 8 | 13.7 | 0.017 | 12.8 | 0.017 | 14.4 | 0.018 |
| Area 9 | 17.7 | 0.022 | 15.8 | 0.020 | 19.3 | 0.023 |
| Area 10 | 15.0 | 0.017 | 13.0 | 0.015 | 16.9 | 0.019 |
| Area 11 | 19.6 | 0.026 | 18.2 | 0.025 | 20.5 | 0.027 |
| Smoking status | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall participants (N = 44,083) | Men (n = 20,634) | Women (n = 23,449) | |
| Excess relative risk (95% CI) | Excess relative risk (95% CI) | Excess relative risk (95% CI) | |
| Total effect* | 0.095 | 0.102 | 0.082 |
| (0.032-0.157) | (0.011-0.192) | (−0.003 to 0.168) | |
| Natural indirect effect* | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| (0.004-0.011) | (0.002-0.013) | (0.001-0.009) | |
| Natural direct effect* | 0.087 | 0.094 | 0.077 |
| (0.026-0.149) | (0.005-0.184) | (−0.008 to 0.162) | |
| Proportion mediated (%)* | 7.7 | 7.3 | 6.4 |
| Walking time | |||
| Overall participants (n = 44,083) | Men (n = 20,634) | Women (n = 23,449) | |
| Excess relative risk (95% CI) | Excess relative risk (95% CI) | Excess relative risk (95% CI) | |
| Total effect* | 0.094 | 0.104 | 0.082 |
| (0.032-0.156) | (0.014-0.194) | (−0.003 to 0.167) | |
| Natural indirect effect* | 0.004 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| (0.002-0.007) | (0.001-0.009) | (0.0002-0.007) | |
| Natural direct effect* | 0.090 | 0.099 | 0.078 |
| (0.028-0.152) | (0.009-0.189) | (−0.006 to 0.162) | |
| Proportion mediated (%)* | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.5 |
| Alcohol consumption habit | |||
| Overall participants (n = 44,083) | Men (n = 20,634) | Women (n = 23,449) | |
| Excess relative risk (95% CI) | Excess relative risk (95% CI) | Excess relative risk (95% CI) | |
| Total effect* | 0.092 | 0.102 | 0.078 |
| (0.030-0.155) | (0.013-0.192) | (−0.007 to 0.164) | |
| Natural indirect effect* | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| (0.001-0.007) | (0.001-0.010) | (−0.001 to 0.005) | |
| Natural direct effect* | 0.089 | 0.097 | 0.076 |
| (0.027-0.151) | (0.008-0.186) | (0.009-0.162) | |
| Proportion mediated (%)* | 4.2 | 5.4 | 3.0 |
