| Variables | All N = 14,017 (6,227/7,790) | Knee extensor muscle strength | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (lowest) n = 3,498 (1,555/1,943) | Q2 (lower) n = 3,506 (1,557/1,949) | Q3 (higher) n = 3,510 (1,559/1,951) | Q4 (highest) n = 3,503 (1,556/1,947) | ||||
| Number of cases (men/women) | 1,225 (720/505) | 529 (318/211) | 306 (179/127) | 236 (131/105) | 154 (92/62) | ||
| KNES | Men | N・m/kg | 2.38 (0.55) | 1.86 (0.38) | 2.27 (0.35) | 2.50 (0.35) | 2.97 (0.40) |
| Women | 1.73 (0.41) | 1.35 (0.28) | 1.64 (0.27) | 1.81 (0.26) | 2.19 (0.31) | ||
| Age | year | 50.1 (15.3) | 50.7 (15.4) | 50.2 (15.3) | 50.0 (15.2) | 49.6 (15.2) | |
| Height | cm | 162.3 (8.8) | 161.7 (8.9) | 162.3 (8.8) | 162.6 (8.8) | 162.8 (8.7) | |
| Weight | kg | 60.2 (11.8) | 63.7 (13.6) | 60.7 (11.4) | 59.2 (10.7) | 57.0 (10.0) | |
| BMI | kg/m2 | 22.7 (3.5) | 24.3 (4.2) | 23.0 (3.3) | 22.3 (3.0) | 21.4 (2.6) | |
| Blood glucose | mg/dL | 100.5 (17.0) | 102.0 (21.3) | 100.9 (17.6) | 99.9 (14.8) | 99.2 (13.0) | |
| Hemoglobin A1c | % | 5.2 (0.6) | 5.6 (0.7) | 5.2 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.4) | |
| Total cholesterol | mg/dL | 210.7 (37.3) | 213.1 (37.9) | 210.5 (37.5) | 210.0 (36.2) | 209.0 (37.3) | |
| HDL cholesterol | mg/dL | 63.3 (16.6) | 60.8 (16.3) | 62.3 (16.3) | 63.5 (16.5) | 66.8 (16.9) | |
| LDL cholesterol | mg/dL | 120.8 (32.3) | 127.0 (33.0) | 121.8 (32.1) | 119.9 (31.2) | 114.5 (31.5) | |
| Triglycerides | mg/dL | 98.0 (70.9) | 112.2 (75.4) | 102.5 (87.8) | 94.2 (59.7) | 83.1 (51.9) | |
| SBP | mmHg | 117.5 (16.9) | 120.5 (17.6) | 118.1 (16.9) | 116.4 (16.7) | 115.0 (16.0) | |
| Smoking | n (%) | 1,728 (12.3) | 550 (16.0) | 462 (13.2) | 380 (10.8) | 336 (9.6) | |
| Drinking | n (%) | 6,642 (47.7) | 1,554 (44.5) | 1,652 (47.2) | 1,695 (48.3) | 1,741 (49.9) | |
| Potential risk factors | No. of participants | No. of cases | Prevalence rate* | Odds ratios (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 6,227 | 720 | 115.6 | 1.00 (reference) | - |
| Women | 7,790 | 505 | 64.8 | 0.53 (0.47-0.60) | <0.001 |
| Age, year | |||||
| 18-39 | 3,930 | 87 | 22.1 | 1.00 (reference) | - |
| 40-64 | 6,883 | 616 | 89.5 | 4.34 (3.46-5.45) | <0.001 |
| ≥65 | 3,204 | 522 | 162.9 | 8.60 (6.82-10.85) | <0.001 |
| Current smoking | |||||
| None | 12,211 | 1059 | 86.7 | 1.00 (reference) | - |
| Yes | 1,728 | 160 | 92.6 | 1.08 (0.90-1.28) | 0.419 |
| Current drinking | |||||
| None | 7,288 | 642 | 88.1 | 1.00 (reference) | - |
| Yes | 6,642 | 578 | 87.0 | 0.99 (0.88-1.11) | 0.824 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||||
| <18.5 | 1,122 | 64 | 57.0 | 1.00 (reference) | - |
| 18.5 to <25.0 | 9,851 | 703 | 71.4 | 1.27 (0.97-1.66) | 0.081 |
| ≥25.0 | 3,044 | 458 | 150.5 | 2.89 (2.20-3.80) | <0.001 |
| Knee extensor muscle strength | |||||
| Lowest | 3,513 | 422 | 120.1 | 1.00 (reference) | <0.001 |
| Lower | 3,500 | 325 | 92.9 | 0.75 (0.64-0.87) | |
| Higher | 3,512 | 269 | 76.6 | 0.61 (0.52-0.71) | |
| Highest | 3,492 | 209 | 59.9 | 0.47 (0.39-0.55) |
| Knee extensor muscle strength | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age category | Q1 (lowest) | Q2 (lower) | Q3 (higher) | Q4 (highest) | p for trend | p for interaction | ||
| 18-39 | Men | Case (%) | 24 (4.9) | 8 (1.6) | 7 (1.4) | 15 (3.0) | 0.758 | |
| AOR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.48 (0.20-1.12) | 0.56 (0.22-1.38) | 1.52 (0.70-3.30) | 0.759 | |||
| Women | Case (%) | 11 (2.2) | 12 (2.4) | 5 (1.0) | 5 (1.0) | |||
| AOR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 2.35 (0.92-5.97) | 1.34 (0.41-4.36) | 1.07 (0.49-5.67) | 0.975 | |||
| 40-64 | Men | Case (%) | 150 (22.4) | 70 (10.4) | 71 (10.6) | 59 (8.8) | <0.001 | |
| AOR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.49 (0.36-0.67) | 0.59 (0.43-0.83) | 0.58 (0.40-0.85) | <0.001 | |||
| Women | Case (%) | 117 (11.1) | 69 (6.6) | 50 (4.8) | 30 (2.9) | |||
| AOR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.74 (0.53-1.03) | 0.67 (0.47-0.99) | 0.52 (0.33-0.82) | <0.001 | |||
| ≥65 | Men | Case (%) | 97 (24.6) | 83 (21.1) | 81 (20.6) | 55 (14.0) | <0.001 | |
| AOR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.82 (0.58-1.15) | 0.81 (0.57-1.15) | 0.55 (0.37-0.82) | 0.003 | |||
| Women | Case (%) | 61 (15.0) | 54 (13.3) | 50 (12.3) | 41 (10.1) | |||
| AOR* (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.94 (0.62-1.42) | 0.99 (0.65-1.51) | 0.86 (0.54-1.38) | 0.622 | |||
