Figure and Table | Personality Traits and Higher-level Functional Capacity in Aging: Insights from a Japanese Older Population Study

Table 1. Demographic Characteristics.

From: Personality Traits and Higher-level Functional Capacity in Aging: Insights from a Japanese Older Population Study

		Number	%
The study participants	Total	1859
	Men	857	46.1
	Women	1002	53.9

		Mean	S.D.	Median	Minimum	Maximum
Age	Men	72.41	7.71	71	60	94
Age	Women	72.62	7.74	72	60	98

		Mean	S.D.	Median	Minimum	Maximum
Five-factor model of personality	Extraversion	8.60	2.27	8	2	14
	Agreeableness	10.68	1.85	11	3	14
	Conscientiousness	9.18	2.11	9	2	14
	Neuroticism	7.31	2.13	8	2	14
	Openness	7.82	2.15	8	2	14
Higher-level functional capacity	Instrumental self-maintenance	4.78	0.80	5	0	5
	Intellectual activity	3.54	0.82	4	0	4
	Social role	3.23	1.08	4	0	4
	Total score of higher-level functional capacity	11.57	2.09	12	0	13
Self-rated health		3.59	1.04	3	1	5

		Number	%
Household financial assets	Less than 1 million yen	267	14.4
	1 million−10 million yen	482	25.9
	10 million−20 million yen	255	13.7
	20 million−50 million yen	288	15.5
	50 million−100 million yen	111	6.0
	100 million yen or more	23	1.2
	No answer	433	23.3
Living alone	No	1578	84.9
Living alone	Yes	281	15.1
City size	Big City	637	34.3
	Cities with a population of 100,000 or more	756	40.7
	Cities with a population of less than 100,000	320	17.2
	Rural districts	146	7.9
Residential area	Tokyo	405	21.8
	Aichi	255	13.7
	Osaka	289	15.5
	Hokkaido	56	3.0
	Tohoku	85	4.6
	Kanto (Excluding Tokyo)	266	14.3
	Hokuriku	56	3.0
	Chubu (Excluding Aichi)	92	4.9
	Kinki (Excluding Osaka)	101	5.4
	Chugoku	84	4.5
	Shikoku	39	2.1
	North Kyushu	79	4.2
	South Kyushu	52	2.8

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Table 2. The Associations between Personality Traits and Higher-Level Functional Capacity.

From: Personality Traits and Higher-level Functional Capacity in Aging: Insights from a Japanese Older Population Study

			Higher-level functional capacity		Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
			Low (0-11)	Median/High (12-13)	OR	95% CI	p-value	AOR ǂ	95% CI	p-value
Extraversion	Men	Low (2-7)	149	130	2.09	1.56-2.79	< 0.001***	2.08	1.56-2.78	< 0.001***
		Median/High (8-14)	205	373
	Women	Low (2-7)	107	149	2.00	1.49-2.69	< 0.001***	2.02	1.48-2.73	< 0.001***
		Median/High (8-14)	197	549
	All	Low (2-7)	256	279	2.10	1.71-2.59	< 0.001***	2.06	1.67-2.54	< 0.001***
		Median/High (8-14)	402	922
Agreeableness	Men	Low (3-10)	183	246	1.12	0.85-1.47	0.421	1.13	0.86-1.49	0.382
		Median/High (11-14)	171	257
	Women	Low (3-10)	134	265	1.29	0.98-1.69	0.069	1.37	1.03-1.81	0.029*
		Median/High (11-14)	170	433
	All	Low (3-10)	317	511	1.26	1.05-1.52	0.019*	1.24	1.02-1.51	0.029*
		Median/High (11-14)	341	690
Conscientiousness	Men	Low (2-8)	71	72	1.50	1.05-2.15	0.026*	1.51	1.14-2.00	0.004*
		Median/High (9-14)	283	431
	Women	Low (2-8)	79	115	1.78	1.29-2.04	< 0.001***	1.61	1.22-2.14	< 0.001***
		Median/High (9-14)	225	583
	All	Low (2-8)	150	187	1.60	1.26-2.04	< 0.001***	1.54	1.66-1.88	< 0.001***
		Median/High (9-14)	508	1014
Neuroticism	Men	Low (2-7)	172	275	0.78	0.60-1.03	0.079	0.78	0.60-1.03	0.081
		Median/High (8-14)	182	228
	Women	Low (2-7)	113	341	0.62	0.47-0.82	< 0.001***	0.59	0.45-0.78	< 0.001***
		Median/High (8-14)	191	357
	All	Low (2-7)	285	616	0.73	0.60-0.88	< 0.001***	0.70	0.57-0.84	< 0.001***
		Median/High (8-14)	373	585
Openness	Men	Low (1-2)	146	140	1.82	1.36-2.42	< 0.001***	1.81	1.36-2.41	< 0.001***
		Median/High (3-5)	208	363
	Women	Low (1-2)	157	314	1.31	0.99-1.71	0.052	1.23	0.93-1.62	0.150
		Median/High (3-5)	147	384
	All	Low (1-2)	303	454	1.40	1.16-1.70	0.001**	1.5	1.23-1.83	< 0.001***
		Median/High (3-5)	355	747

			Higher-level functional capacity		Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
			Low (0-11)	Median/High (12-13)	OR	95% CI	p-value	AOR ǂ	95% CI	p-value
Self-rated health	Men	Low (1-2)	73	45	2.64	1.77-3.95	< 0.001***	2.69	1.79-4.04	< 0.001***
		Median/High (3-5)	281	458
	Women	Low (1-2)	63	61	2.73	1.86-4.00	< 0.001***	2.14	1.44-3.19	< 0.001***
		Median/High (3-5)	241	637
	All	Low (1-2)	136	106	2.69	2.05-3.54	< 0.001***	2.45	1.85-3.25	< 0.001***
		Median/High (3-5)	522	1095

			Self-rated health		Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
			Low (1-2)	Median/High (3-5)	OR	95% CI	p-value	AOR ǂ	95% CI	p-value
Extraversion	Men	Low (2-7)	48	231	1.51	1.01-2.25	0.043*	1.55	1.03-2.33	0.035*
		Median/High (8-14)	70	508
	Women	Low (2-7)	37	219	1.28	0.85-1.94	0.241	1.24	0.80-1.91	0.339
		Median/High (8-14)	87	659
	All	Low (2-7)	85	450	1.40	1.06-1.87	0.019*	1.40	1.05-1.89	0.024*
		Median/High (8-14)	157	1167
Agreeableness	Men	Low (3-10)	72	357	1.67	1.13-2.49	0.104	1.87	1.24-2.81	0.003**
		Median/High (11-14)	46	382
	Women	Low (3-10)	51	348	1.06	0.73-1.56	0.750	1.16	0.78-1.72	0.468
		Median/High (11-14)	73	530
	All	Low (3-10)	123	705	1.34	1.02-1.75	0.035*	1.46	1.11-1.94	0.008**
		Median/High (11-14)	119	912
Conscientiousness	Men	Low (2-8)	33	110	2.22	1.42-3.48	< 0.001***	1.76	1.18-2.64	0.006**
		Median/High (9-14)	85	629
	Women	Low (2-8)	23	171	0.94	0.58-1.53	0.807	1.50	1.01-2.24	0.044*
		Median/High (9-14)	101	707
	All	Low (2-8)	56	281	1.43	1.03-1.98	0.030*	1.62	1.22-2.15	< 0.001***
		Median/High (9-14)	186	1336
Neuroticism	Men	Low (2-7)	50	397	0.63	0.43-0.94	0.021*	0.64	0.43-0.95	0.027*
		Median/High (8-14)	68	342
	Women	Low (2-7)	43	411	0.60	0.41-0.89	0.011*	0.54	0.36-0.82	0.003**
		Median/High (8-14)	81	467
	All	Low (2-7)	93	808	0.62	0.47-0.82	0.001**	0.59	0.45-0.79	< 0.001***
		Median/High (8-14)	149	809
Openness	Men	Low (1-2)	54	232	1.84	1.24-2.73	0.002**	1.94	1.30-2.91	0.001**
		Median/High (3-5)	64	507
	Women	Low (1-2)	65	406	1.28	0.88-1.87	0.197	1.14	0.77-1.68	0.529
		Median/High (3-5)	59	472
	All	Low (1-2)	119	638	1.58	1.13-1.95	0.004**	1.45	1.12-1.98	0.006**
		Median/High (3-5)	123	979

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