From: Functional Assessment for Control of the Trunk Predicts Independent Walking in Patients with Stroke
| Overall (n = 213) | NIHSS ≤ 5 points (n = 126) | NIHSS ≥ 6 points (n = 87) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Dependent | P-value | Independent | Dependent | P-value | Independent | Dependent | P-value | |
| (n = 102) | (n = 111) | (n = 81) | (n = 45) | (n = 21) | (n = 66) | ||||
| Age (years) | 73.0 [65.3-83.0] | 82.0 [76.0-87.0] | <0.001 | 75.0 [67.0-84.0] | 81.0 [76.0-86.0] | 0.024 | 69.0 [62.0-80.0] | 82.0 [76.3-87.8] | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.019 | 0.131 | 0.130 | ||||||
| Men | 67 (65.7) | 55 (49.5) | 52 (64.2) | 22 (48.9) | 15 (71.4) | 33 (50.0) | |||
| Women | 35 (34.3) | 56 (50.5) | 29 (35.8) | 23 (51.1) | 6 (28.6) | 33 (50.0) | |||
| Type of stroke, n (%) | 0.286 | 0.745 | 0.210 | ||||||
| Lacunar infarction | 36 (35.3) | 39 (35.1) | 27 (33.3) | 18 (40.0) | 9 (42.9) | 21 (31.8) | |||
| Atherothrombotic cerebral infarction | 56 (54.9) | 53 (47.7) | 45 (55.6) | 22 (48.9) | 11 (52.4) | 31 (47.0) | |||
| Cardiogenic cerebral embolism | 10 (9.8) | 19 (17.1) | 9 (11.1) | 5 (11.1) | 1 (4.8) | 14 (21.2) | |||
| History of stroke, n (%) | 27 (26.5) | 38 (34.2) | 0.236 | 24 (29.6) | 14 (31.1) | 1.000 | 3 (14.3) | 24 (36.4) | 0.064 |
| History of fracture, n (%) | 6 (5.9) | 21 (18.9) | 0.006 | 4 (4.9) | 7 (15.6) | 0.054 | 2 (9.5) | 14 (21.2) | 0.337 |
| Days from onset to rehabilitation hospital (d) | 16.0 [12.0-24.0] | 20.0 [13.5-26.5] | 0.029 | 16.0 [11.0-23.0] | 17.0 [13.0-24.0] | 0.249 | 18.0 [14.0-24.0] | 20.0 [15.0-27.8] | 0.460 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 [21.3-26.7] | 23.2 [20.4-25.3] | 0.067 | 24.0 [21.4-26.5] | 23.8 [20.7-25.7] | 0.294 | 24.1 [20.1-27.2] | 23.1 [20.3-24.8] | 0.331 |
| NIHSS score (points) | 2.0 [1.0-5.0] | 7.0 [4.0-12.0] | <0.001 | 2.0 [1.0-3.0] | 4.0 [2.0-4.0] | 0.001 | 9.0 [7.0-11.0] | 10.0 [8.0-14.0] | 0.029 |
| MMSE-J score (points) | 24.0 [21.0-27.0] | 17.0 [11.0-22.0] | <0.001 | 24.0 [21.0-26.0] | 17.0 [12.0-22.0] | <0.001 | 21.0 [16.0-28.0] | 17.0 [11.0-21.8] | 0.012 |
| Paralysis lower limbs BRS, n | 0.001 | 0.039 | 0.458 | ||||||
| Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ/Ⅴ/Ⅵ | 2/5/4/6/24/61 | 8/15/9/14/28/37 | 1/1/0/5/19/55 | 1/2/4/2/13/23 | 1/4/4/1/5/6 | 7/13/5/12/15/14 | |||
| FACT score (points) | 15.0 [12.0-20.0] | 6.0 [2.0-12.0] | <0.001 | 17.0 [14.0-20.0] | 10.0 [5.0-15.0] | <0.001 | 11.0 [8.0-14.0] | 3 [1.0-10.0] | <0.001 |
| FIM score (points) | 75.5 [67.3-87.0] | 56.0 [37.0-66.0] | <0.001 | 77.0 [69.0-89.0] | 63.0 [57.0-74.0] | <0.001 | 68.0 [62.0-84.0] | 42.5 [31.8-58.0] | <0.001 |
| Motor | 51.5 [47.0-61.0] | 33.0 [20.0-45.0] | <0.001 | 54.0 [49.0-62.0] | 42.0 [35.0-49.0] | <0.001 | 46.0 [39.0-51.0] | 26.0 [18.0-35.5] | <0.001 |
| Cognitive | 23.5 [20.0-26.0] | 20.0 [14.0-24.0] | <0.001 | 24.0 [19.0-26.0] | 22.0 [19.0-24.0] | 0.184 | 23.0 [21.0-28.0] | 17.0 [12.0-21.0] | <0.001 |
From: Functional Assessment for Control of the Trunk Predicts Independent Walking in Patients with Stroke
| Overall (n = 213) | Cardioembolic (n = 29) | Non-cardioembolic (n = 184) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Dependent | P-value | Independent | Dependent | P-value | Independent | Dependent | P-value | |
| (n = 102) | (n = 111) | (n = 10) | (n = 19) | (n = 92) | (n = 92) | ||||
| Age (years) | 73.0 [65.3-83.0] | 82.0 [76.0-87.0] | <0.001 | 76.0 [65.3-84.5] | 79.0 [71.0-83.5] | 0.597 | 73.0 [65.8-83.0] | 83.0 [76.0-87.0] | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.019 | 1.000 | 0.017 | ||||||
| Men | 67 (65.7) | 55 (49.5) | 6 (60.0) | 11 (57.9) | 61 (66.3) | 44 (47.8) | |||
| Women | 35 (34.3) | 56 (50.5) | 4 (40.0) | 8 (42.1) | 31 (33.7) | 48 (52.2) | |||
| Type of stroke, n (%) | 0.286 | 0.764 | |||||||
| Lacunar infarction | 36 (35.3) | 39 (35.1) | 36 (39.1) | 39 (42.4) | |||||
| Atherothrombotic cerebral infarction | 56 (54.9) | 53 (47.7) | 56 (60.9) | 53 (57.6) | |||||
| Cardiogenic cerebral embolism | 10 (9.8) | 19 (17.1) | |||||||
| History of stroke, n (%) | 27 (26.5) | 38 (34.2) | 0.236 | 1 (10.0) | 8 (42.1) | 0.107 | 26 (28.3) | 30 (32.6) | 0.631 |
| History of fracture, n (%) | 6 (5.9) | 21 (18.9) | 0.006 | 0 (0) | 6 (31.6) | 0.068 | 6 (6.5) | 15 (16.3) | 0.062 |
| Days from onset to rehabilitation hospital (d) | 16.0 [12.0-24.0] | 20.0 [13.5-26.5] | 0.029 | 18.0 [13.3-27.5] | 23.0 [14.5-29.5] | 0.383 | 16.0 [12.0-24.0] | 18.5 [13.0-26.0] | 0.068 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 [21.3-26.7] | 23.2 [20.4-25.3] | 0.067 | 23.8 [22.1-28.5] | 23.6 [20.4-25.5] | 0.358 | 24.1 [21.2-26.5] | 23.2 [20.5-25.1] | 0.093 |
| NIHSS score (points) | 2.0 [1.0-5.0] | 7.0 [4.0-12.0] | <0.001 | 1.5 [1.0-3.5] | 12.0 [5.5-15.0] | <0.001 | 2.0 [1.0-5.0] | 6.5 [4-10.0] | <0.001 |
| MMSE-J score (points) | 24.0 [21.0-27.0] | 17.0 [11.0-22.0] | <0.001 | 23.5 [22.3-26.0] | 17.0 [12.5-22.0] | 0.027 | 24.0 [20.0-27.0] | 15.5 [10.8-21.3] | <0.001 |
| Paralysis lower limbs BRS, n | 0.001 | 0.269 | 0.003 | ||||||
| Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ/Ⅴ/Ⅵ | 2/5/4/6/24/61 | 8/15/9/14/28/37 | 1/0/0/0/1/8 | 1/4/0/3/2/9 | 1/5/4/6/23/53 | 7/11/9/11/26/28 | |||
| FACT score (points) | 15.0 [12.0-20.0] | 6.0 [2.0-12.0] | <0.001 | 15.0 [11.0-17.0] | 6.0 [1.0-13.0] | 0.005 | 15.5 [12.0-20.0] | 6.0 [2.0-12.0] | <0.001 |
| FIM score (points) | 75.5 [67.3-87.0] | 56.0 [37.0-66.0] | <0.001 | 74.5 [64.3-84.3] | 51.0 [27.5-65.5] | 0.001 | 75.5 [67.8-87.0] | 56.5 [38.0-66.0] | <0.001 |
| Motor | 51.5 [47.0-61.0] | 33.0 [20.0-45.0] | <0.001 | 50.0 [43.3-62.3] | 33.0 [16.0-41.5] | 0.002 | 51.5 [47.0-61.0] | 33.0 [20.8-45.5] | <0.001 |
| Cognitive | 23.5 [20.0-26.0] | 20.0 [14.0-24.0] | <0.001 | 23.0 [22.0-24.0] | 16.0 [12.0-22.0] | 0.029 | 23.5 [19.8-27.0] | 20.0 [16.0-24.0] | <0.001 |
From: Functional Assessment for Control of the Trunk Predicts Independent Walking in Patients with Stroke
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.980 | 0.94, 1.02 | 0.335 |
| Men | 1.800 | 0.86, 3.78 | 0.120 |
| NIHSS on admission | 0.930 | 0.85, 1.02 | 0.122 |
| MMSE-J on admission | 1.140 | 1.07, 1.21 | <0.001 |
| FACT on admission | 1.170 | 1.08, 1.27 | <0.001 |
| Paralysis lower limbs BRS on admission | 1.130 | 0.85, 1.50 | 0.408 |
| FIM locomotion walk on admission | 1.120 | 0.84, 1.50 | 0.449 |
From: Functional Assessment for Control of the Trunk Predicts Independent Walking in Patients with Stroke
| Before PSM (n = 213) | After PSM (n = 84) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group with scores above the cutoff | Group with scores below the cutoff | P-value | Group with scores above the cutoff | Group with scores below the cutoff | P-value | |
| (n = 141) | (n = 72) | (n = 42) | (n = 42) | |||
| On admission | ||||||
| Age (years) | 77.0 [68.0-84.0] | 83.0 [76.0-87.0] | <0.001 | 81.5 [73.3-86.8] | 81.0 [70.3-85.0] | 0.510 |
| Sex: men/women, n (%) | 84 (59.6)/57 (40.4) | 38 (52.8)/34 (47.2) | 0.381 | 24 (57.1)/18 (42.9) | 21 (50.0)/21 (50.0) | 0.662 |
| Days from onset to rehabilitation hospital (d) | 16.0 [12.0-24.0] | 21.0 [15.0-27.0] | 0.003 | 17.0 [13.0-26.0] | 20.5 [15.0-25.5] | 0.255 |
| NIHSS score (points) | 3 [1-6] | 9 [5-14] | <0.001 | 7 [3.3-9] | 6 [4-9.8] | 0.829 |
| MMSE-J score (points) | 22.0 [16.0-26.0] | 17.0 [9.8-22.0] | <0.001 | 17.5 [14.3-22.0] | 20.5 [14.0-22.8] | 0.460 |
| Paralysis lower limbs BRS; Ⅰ/Ⅱ/Ⅲ/Ⅳ/Ⅴ/Ⅵ, n | 2/9/6/10/34/80 | 8/11/7/10/18/18 | <0.001 | 1/5/5/6/10/15 | 3/4/2/7/14/12 | 0.656 |
| FIM locomotion walk score (points) | 1.0 [1.0-4.0] | 1.0 [1.0-1.0] | <0.001 | 1.0 [1.0-1.0] | 1.0 [1.0-1.0] | 0.726 |
| At discharge | ||||||
| Rehabilitation volume (min/d) | 143.3 [130.0-156.6] | 139.7 [125.4-150.8] | 0.259 | 146.4 [136.3-162.2] | 143.8 [129.3-153.6] | 0.323 |
| FIM locomotion walk score (points) | 6.0 [5.0-7.0] | 1.0 [1.0-5.0] | <0.001 | 5.5 [5.0-6.0] | 4.0 [1.0-5.0] | <0.001 |
| Independence (≥6), n (%) | 95 (67.4) | 7 (9.7) | <0.001 | 19 (45.2) | 5 (11.9) | 0.001 |
