Figure and Table | Factors Related to Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 during the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Japan: An Observational Study Using the Osaka Prefectural Novel Coronavirus Response Status Management System

Table 1. Comparison of Patient Characteristics.

From: Factors Related to Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 during the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Japan: An Observational Study Using the Osaka Prefectural Novel Coronavirus Response Status Management System

	All	Death (n = 297)		Alive (n = 14,567)		P value^a
	(N = 14,864)	n	(%)	n	(%)	P value^a
Sex
Male	8,207	184	(2.2)	8,023	(97.8)
Female	6,657	113	(1.7)	6,544	(98.3)	0.018
Age (years)
0-9	329	0	(0)	329	(100)
10-19	911	0	(0)	911	(100)
20-29	4,248	0	(0)	4,248	(100)
30-39	2,281	0	(0)	2,281	(100)
40-49	2,029	3	(0.2)	2,026	(99.9)
50-59	1,857	7	(0.4)	1,850	(99.6)
60-69	1,143	25	(2.2)	1,118	(97.8)
70-79	1,066	83	(7.8)	983	(92.2)
80-89	751	125	(16.6)	626	(83.4)
90-99	239	52	(21.8)	187	(78.2)
100-	10	2	(20.0)	8	(80.0)	<0.0001
0-69	12,798	35	(0.3)	12,763	(99.7)
70-79	1,066	3	(7.8)	983	(92.2)
80-	1,000	179	(17.9)	821	(82.1)	<0.0001
Underlying diseases
No	12,825	164	(1.3)	12,661	(98.7)
Yes	2,039	133	(6.5)	1,906	(93.5)	<0.0001
Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
No	14,845	297	(2.0)	14,548	(98.0)
Yes	19	0	0	19	(100)	1.000
Neoplasms
No	14,645	274	(1.9)	14,371	(98.1)
Yes	219	23	(10.5)	196	(89.5)	<0.0001
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
No	14,756	286	(1.9)	14,470	(98.1)
Yes	108	11	(10.2)	97	(89.8)	<0.0001
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases
No	14,334	240	(1.7)	14,094	(98.3)
Yes	530	57	(10.8)	473	(89.3)	<0.0001
Mental and behavioral disorders
No	14,842	295	(2.0)	14,547	(98.0)
Yes	22	2	(9.1)	20	(90.9)	0.071
Diseases of the nervous system
No	14,820	294	(2.0)	14,526	(98.0)
Yes	44	3	(6.8)	41	(93.2)	0.057
Diseases of the circulatory system
No	14,370	248	(1.7)	14,122	(98.3)
Yes	494	49	(9.9)	445	(90.1)	<0.0001
Diseases of the respiratory system
No	14,326	265	(1.9)	14,061	(98.2)
Yes	538	32	(6.0)	506	(94.1)	<0.0001
Diseases of the digestive system
No	14,763	294	(2.0)	14,469	(98.0)
Yes	101	3	(3.0)	98	(97.0)	0.458
Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
No	14,861	296	(2.0)	14,565	(98.0)
Yes	3	1	(33.3)	2	(66.7)	0.059
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
No	14,843	294	(2.0)	14,549	(98.0)
Yes	21	3	(14.3)	18	(85.7)	0.008
Diseases of the genitourinary system
No	14,716	280	(1.9)	14,436	(98.1)
Yes	148	17	(11.5)	131	(88.5)	<0.0001
Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities
No	14,859	296	(2.0)	14,563	(98.0)
Yes	5	1	(20.0)	4	(80.0)	0.096
Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified
No	14,863	297	(2.0)	14,566	(98.0)
Yes	1	0	(0.0)	1	(100.0)	1.000
Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes
No	14,859	295	(2.0)	14,564	(98.0)
Yes	5	2	(40.0)	3	(60.0)	0.004
Time period
First surge (Jan 29-Jun 13, 2020)	1,762	86	(4.9)	1,676	(95.1)
Second surge (Jun 14-Oct 9, 2020)	8,744	136	(1.6)	8,608	(98.4)
Third surge (Oct 10 to Dec 24, 2020)	4,358	75	(1.7)	4,283	(98.3)	<0.0001
Time from onset to health status confirmation (days)
Median (interquartile range)	11 (10-16)	16 (11-26)		11 (10-16)		<0.0001
Missing	1286^b	30^c		1256^d

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Table 2. Odds Ratios of Each Factor for Death.

From: Factors Related to Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 during the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Japan: An Observational Study Using the Osaka Prefectural Novel Coronavirus Response Status Management System

	Crude OR (95%CI)		P value	Adjusted OR^a (95%CI)		P value
Sex
Male	1.33	(1.05-1.68)	0.019	2.00	(1.54-2.60)	<0.001
Female	1			1
Age (years)
0-69	1			1
70-79	30.8	(20.6-45.9)	<0.001	25.4	(16.8-38.2)	<0.001
80-	79.5	(55.0-115)	<0.001	78.1	(53.3-114)	<0.001
		Trend P < 0.001			Trend P < 0.001
Underlying diseases
No	1			1
Yes	5.39	(4.26-6.81)	<0.001	1.74	(1.34-2.27)	<0.001
Time period
First surge (Jan 29-Jun 13, 2020)	1			1
Second surge (Jun 14-Oct 9, 2020)	0.31	(0.23-0.41)	<0.001	0.42	(0.31-0.57)	<0.001
Third surge (Oct 10-Dec 24, 2020)	0.34	(0.25-0.47)	<0.001	0.41	(0.29-0.58)	<0.001

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Table 3. Odds Ratio of Underlying Diseases for Death.

From: Factors Related to Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 during the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Japan: An Observational Study Using the Osaka Prefectural Novel Coronavirus Response Status Management System

	Crude OR (95%CI)		P value	Adjusted OR^a (95%CI)		P value
Neoplasms
No	1			1
Yes	6.16	(3.93-9.64)	<0.001	1.26	(0.77-2.04)	0.359
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
No	1			1
Yes	5.74	(3.05-10.8)	<0.001	2.98	(1.44-6.14)	0.003
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases
No	1			1
Yes	7.08	(5.23-9.58)	<0.001	1.95	(1.39-2.75)	<0.001
Mental and behavioral disorders
No	1			1
Yes	4.93	(1.15-21.2)	0.032	1.41	(0.29-6.85)	0.671
Diseases of the nervous system
No	1			1
Yes	3.62	(1.11-11.7)	0.033	1.47	(0.42-5.20)	0.548
Diseases of the circulatory system
No	1			1
Yes	6.27	(4.55-8.64)	<0.001	1.30	(0.92-1.85)	0.143
Diseases of the respiratory system
No	1			1
Yes	3.36	(2.30-4.90)	<0.001	1.67	(1.09-2.55)	0.018
Diseases of the digestive system
No	1			1
Yes	1.51	(0.48-4.78)	0.487	0.53	(0.16-1.79)	0.310
Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
No	1			1
Yes	24.6	(2.23-272)	0.009	5.43	(0.35-85.2)	0.228
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
No	1			1
Yes	8.25	(2.42-28.2)	0.001	4.36	(0.98-19.4)	0.054
Diseases of the genitourinary system
No	1			1
Yes	6.69	(3.98-11.2)	<0.001	1.58	(0.88-2.84)	0.124

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Table 4. Adjusted Odds Ratios of Each Factor for Death by Time Period.

From: Factors Related to Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 during the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Japan: An Observational Study Using the Osaka Prefectural Novel Coronavirus Response Status Management System

	First surge (Jan 29-Jun 13, 2020)					Second surge (Jun 14-Oct 9, 2020)					Third surge (Oct 10-Dec 24, 2020)
	Death	/	Total participants	OR^a (95%CI)		Death	/	Total participants	OR^a (95%CI)		Death	/	Total participants	OR^a (95%CI)
	(n = 86)		(n = 1,762)	OR^a (95%CI)		(n = 136)		(n = 8,744)	OR^a (95%CI)		(n = 75)		(n = 4,358)	OR^a (95%CI)
Sex
Male	53	/	963	1.23	(0.74-2.04)	89	/	4,930	2.67	(1.81-3.93)	42	/	2,314	1.91	(1.16-3.16)
Female	33	/	799	1		47	/	3,814	1		33	/	2,044	1
Age (years)
0-69	14	/	1,446	1		17	/	7,663	1		4	/	3,689	1
70-79	29	/	168	13.3	(6.67-26.6)	29	/	539	24.8	(13.4-45.9)	25	/	359	61.8	(21.2-180)
80-	43	/	148	26.3	(13.5-51.3)	90	/	542	105	(61.2-182)	46	/	310	171	(60.3-484)
				Trend P<0.001					Trend P < 0.001					Trend P < 0.001
Underlying diseases
No	25	/	1,369	1		91	/	7,657	1		48	/	3,799	1
Yes	61	/	393	3.60	(2.11-6.15)	45	/	1,087	1.24	(0.84-1.85)	27	/	559	1.72	(1.03-2.88)

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Table 5. Odds Ratios of Underlying Disease for Death by Time Period.

From: Factors Related to Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 during the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Japan: An Observational Study Using the Osaka Prefectural Novel Coronavirus Response Status Management System

	First surge (Jan 29-Jun 13, 2020)					Second surge (Jun 14-Oct 9, 2020)					Third surge (Oct 10-Dec 24, 2020)
	Death	/	Total participants	OR^a (95%CI)		Death	/	Total participants	OR^a (95%CI)		Death	/	Total participants	OR^a (95%CI)
	(n = 86)		(n = 1,762)	OR^a (95%CI)		(n = 136)		(n = 8,744)	OR^a (95%CI)		(n = 75)		(n = 4,358)	OR^a (95%CI)
Neoplasms
No	78	/	1,718	1		126	/	8,647	1		70	/	4,280	1
Yes	8	/	44	1.48	(0.61-3.58)	10	/	97	1.27	(0.61-2.62)	5	/	78	1.04	(0.39-2.76)
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism
No	82	/	1,747	1		133	/	8,691	1		71	/	4,318	1
Yes	4	/	15	6.93	(1.48-32.4)	3	/	53	1.58	(0.45-5.60)	4	/	40	3.86	(1.16-12.8)
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases
No	55	/	1,619	1		116	/	8,516	1		69	/	4,199	1
Yes	31	/	143	3.34	(1.93-5.77)	20	/	228	1.77	(1.03-3.06)	6	/	159	0.86	(0.36-2.10)
Mental and behavioral disorders
No	86	/	1,756	NA		134	/	8,730	1		75	/	4,356	NA
Yes	0	/	6	NA		2	/	14	1.78	(0.34-9.22)	0	/	2	NA
Diseases of the nervous system
No	86	/	1,753	NA		133	/	8,716	1		75	/	4,351	NA
Yes	0	/	9	NA		3	/	28	1.87	(0.49-7.12)	0	/	7	NA
Diseases of the circulatory system
No	64	/	1,646	1		122	/	8,525	1		62	/	4,199	1
Yes	22	/	116	1.58	(0.88-2.84)	14	/	219	0.96	(0.53-1.76)	13	/	159	1.60	(0.83-3.09)
Diseases of the respiratory system
No	77	/	1,661	1		123	/	8,511	1		65	/	4,154	1
Yes	9	/	101	1.24	(0.55-2.79)	13	/	233	1.65	(0.87-3.16)	10	/	204	2.38	(1.11-5.06)
Diseases of the digestive system
No	85	/	1,748	1		134	/	8,699	1		75	/	4,316	NA
Yes	1	/	14	0.90	(0.10-8.50)	2	/	45	0.70	(0.16-3.16)	0	/	42	NA
Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
No	85	/	1,760	NA		136	/	8,743	NA		75	/	4,358	NA
Yes	1	/	2	NA		0	/	1	NA		0	/	0	NA
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
No	84	/	1,748	1		136	/	8,739	NA		74	/	4,356	NA
Yes	2	/	14	2.62	(0.46-14.8)	0	/	5	NA		1		2	NA
Diseases of the genitourinary system
No	76	/	1,727	1		133	/	8,675	1		71	/	4,314	1
Yes	10	/	35	4.82	(1.81-12.8)	3	/	69	0.56	(0.16-1.91)	4	/	44	1.42	(0.46-4.36)

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