Figure and Table | Serum Uric Acid as a Potential Risk Marker for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Adults: Using the Hisayama Study-based Prediction Model

Table 1. Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Parameters of Study Participants.

From: Serum Uric Acid as a Potential Risk Marker for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Adults: Using the Hisayama Study-based Prediction Model

	Overall	Male	Female	p
	n=5,984	n=3,285	n=2,699	male vs female
Age, years	56.0 ± 10.6	56.6 ± 10.8	55.3 ± 10.4	<0.001
BMI, kg/m²	22.9 ± 3.7	23.6 ± 3.5	22.0 ± 3.8	<0.001
Waist circumference, cm	82.0 ± 10.1	84.6 ± 9.5	78.7 ± 9.9	<0.001
Current drinker, %	3,083 (54.8%)	1,229 (37.4%)	1,854 (68.6%)	<0.001
Current smoker, %	1,007 (16.8%)	867 (26.4%)	140 (5.2%)	<0.001
Regular exercise, %	1,840 (30.7%)	1,180 (35.9%)	660 (24.5%)	<0.001
Systolic BP, mmHg	124.3 ± 14.9	126.4 ± 14.0	121.8 ± 15.5	<0.001
Hemoglobin, g/dL	14.0 ±1.5	14.8 ± 1.2	12.9 ± 1.2	<0.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	207.2 ± 33.7	202.1 ± 32.2	213.5 ± 34.5	<0.001
Triglyceride, mg/dL	101.0 ± 74.1	113.8 ± 75.2	85.4 ± 69.7	<0.001
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	63.9 ± 16.0	58.5 ± 14.5	70.4 ± 15.4	<0.001
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	122.5 ± 29.5	122.3 ± 29.6	122.8 ± 29.5	0.518
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	0.82 ± 0.33	0.93 ± 0.40	0.68 ± 0.14	<0.001
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²	70.1 ± 12.7	69.2 ± 12.8	71.3 ± 12.5	<0.001
Uric acid, mg/dL	5.4 ± 1.3	6.0 ± 1.2	4.7 ± 1.1	<0.001
Proteinuria, %	78 (1.3%)	57 (1.8%)	17 (0.8%)	<0.001
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL	103.4 ± 18.4	106.3 ± 19.6	99.8 ± 16.2	<0.001
HbA1c, %	5.8 ± 0.6	5.8 ± 0.7	5.7 ± 0.5	<0.001
10-year ASCVD risk, %	3.4 ± 4.3	5.0 ± 5.1	1.4 ± 1.5	<0.001

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Table 2. Clinical Characteristics and 10-Year ASCVD Risk Profiles Stratified by Serum Uric Acid Quartiles.

From: Serum Uric Acid as a Potential Risk Marker for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Adults: Using the Hisayama Study-based Prediction Model

	Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4	p for Trend
	UA ≤ 4.5 mg/dL	UA 4.6-5.3 mg/dL	UA 5.4-6.3 mg/dL	UA ≥ 6.4 mg/dL
	n=1,626	n=1,408	n=1,503	n=1,447
Age, years	54.5 ± 10.5	56.9 ± 10.5	57.2 ± 10.8	55.7 ± 10.6*^#†	<0.001
Males, %	343 (21.1%)	606 (43.0%)	1,068 (71.1%)	1,268 (87.6%)*^#†	<0.001
BMI, kg/m²	21.4 ± 3.22	22.3 ± 3.4	23.5 ± 3.6	24.5 ± 3.8*^#†	<0.001
Waist circumference, cm	77.6 ± 9.3	80.3 ± 9.5	83.6 ± 9.4	86.8 ± 9.6*^#†	<0.001
Current drinker, %	560 (34.4%)	614 (43.6%)	801 (53.3%)	926 (64.0%)*^#†	<0.001
Current smoker, %	155 (9.5%)	196 (13.9%)	310 (20.6%)	346 (23.9%)*^#†	<0.001
Regular exercise, %	386 (23.7%)	447 (31.7%)	504 (33.5%)	503 (34.8%)*#	<0.001
Systric BP, mmHg	120.6 ± 15.4	123.6 ± 15.1	125.5 ± 13.9	127.9 ± 13.8*^#†	<0.001
Hemoglobin, g/dL	13.1 ± 1.5	13.8 ± 1.4	14.3 ± 1.3	14.8 ± 1.3*^#†	<0.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	206.3 ± 34.3	207.9 ± 33.1	205.8 ± 33.3	209.0 ± 34.0	0.141
Triglyceride, mg/dL	80.0 ± 47.4	91.9 ± 54.8	102.4 ± 60.0	132.0 ± 109.5*^#†	<0.001
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	69.5 ± 15.3	66.4 ± 16.0	61.4 ± 15.3	57.6 ± 14.9*^#†	<0.001
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	118.4 ± 28.3	121.4 ± 28.9	123.8 ± 29.8	126.9 ± 30.6*^#†	<0.001
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	0.70 ± 0.22	0.77 ± 0.15	0.86 ± 0.26	0.95 ± 0.53*^#†	<0.001
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²	74.8 ± 12.6	70.7 ± 12.3	68.3 ± 11.9	66.3 ± 12.4*^#†	<0.001
Uric acid, mg/dL	3.8 ± 0.6	5.0 ± 0.2	5.8 ± 0.3	7.2 ± 0.7*^#†	<0.001
Proteinuria, %	13 (0.8%)	18 (1.3%)	20 (1.3%)	27 (1.9%)*	0.012
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL	101.2 ± 21.1	103.1 ± 19.4	104.4 ± 16.4	104.9 ± 15.9*^#	<0.001
HbA1c, %	5.7 ± 0.7	5.8 ± 0.7	5.8 ± 0.5	5.8 ± 0.5	<0.001
10-year ASCVD risk, %	2.1 ± 3.2	3.1 ± 4.0	4.1 ± 4.7	4.3 ± 4.6*^#†	<0.001

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Table 3. Clinical Characteristics and ASCVD Risk Profiles Stratified by Serum Uric Acid Thresholds (5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 mg/dL).

From: Serum Uric Acid as a Potential Risk Marker for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Adults: Using the Hisayama Study-based Prediction Model

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4	p for trend
	UA ≤ 4.9 mg/dL	UA 5.0-5.9 mg/dL	UA 6.0-6.9 mg/dL	UA ≥ 7.0 mg/dL
	n=2,295	n=1,716	n=1,234	n=739
Age, years	55.1 ± 10.5	57.2 ± 10.7	56.7 ± 10.9	55.2 ± 10.6^#†	0.003
Males, %	569 (24.8%)	1,308 (60.5%)	1,009 (81.9%)	668 (90.4%)*^#†	<0.001
BMI, kg/m²	21.6 ± 3.3	23.0 ± 3.5	24.0 ± 3.6	25.0 ± 4.0*^#†	<0.001
Waist circumference, cm	78.1 ± 9.2	82.0 ± 9.6	85.2 ± 9.4	88.1 ± 9.9*^#†	<0.001
Current drinker, %	830 (36.2%)	844 (49.2%)	741 (60.1%)	486 (65.8%)*^#†	<0.001
Current smoker, %	234 (10.2%)	324 (18.9%)	256 (20.8%)	193 (26.1%)*^#†	<0.001
Regular exercise, %	593 (25.8%)	573 (33.4%)	429 (34.8%)	245 (33.1%)*	<0.001
Systric BP, mmHg	121.3 ± 15.4	124.8 ± 14.7	126.8 ± 13.4	128.6 ± 13.9*^#†	<0.001
Hemoglobin, g/dL	13.3 ± 1.5	14.1 ± 1.3	14.6 ± 1.3	14.8 ± 1.3*^#†	<0.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	207.0 ± 34.0	206.7 ± 33.1	206.2 ± 33.1	210.9 ± 35.3*^#†	0.125
Triglyceride, mg/dL	82.7 ± 50.8	96.7 ± 53.2	115.6 ± 84.5	143.5 ± 121.5	<0.001
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	69.0 ± 15.6	63.7 ± 15.8	59.3 ± 14.6	56.3 ± 14.8*^#†	<0.001
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	119.0 ± 28.4	122.9 ± 29.3	124.7 ± 30.0	129.0 ± 31.3*^#†	<0.001
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	0.71 ± 0.20	0.83 ± 0.25	0.90 ± 0.19	1.00 ± 0.72*^#†	<0.001
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2	73.8 ± 12.4	69.1 ± 12.5	67.7 ± 11.8	65.2 ± 12.9*^#†	<0.001
Uric acid, mg/dL	4.1 ± 0.7	5.4 ± 0.3	6.4 ± 0.3	7.7 ± 0.7*^#†	<0.001
Proteinuria, %	17 (0.7%)	25 (1.5%)	16 (1.3%)	20 (2.7%)*^#†	<0.001
Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL	101.5 ± 20.4	103.6 ± 17.6	104.8 ± 16.4	105.9 ± 16.6*^#	<0.001
HbA1c, %	5.7 ± 0.7	5.8 ± 0.6	5.8 ± 0.5	5.8 ± 0.6^†	<0.001
10-year ASCVD risk, %	2.3 ± 3.3	3.7 ± 4.6	4.3 ± 4.8	4.4 ± 4.4*^#	<0.001

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Table 4. Correlation Analysis between 10-Year ASCVD Risk and Clinical Parameters.

From: Serum Uric Acid as a Potential Risk Marker for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Adults: Using the Hisayama Study-based Prediction Model

	r	p

Age	0.76	<0.001
BMI	0.24	<0.001
Waist circumference	0.37	<0.001
Systolic BP	0.47	<0.001
Hemoglobin	0.40	<0.001
Total cholesterol	-0.01	0.406
Triglyceride	0.25	<0.001
HDL cholesterol	-0.39	<0.001
LDL cholesterol	0.13	<0.001
Serum creatinine	0.27	<0.001
eGFR	-0.32	<0.001
Uric Acid	0.34	<0.001
Fasting blood glucose	0.40	<0.001
HbA1c	0.38	<0.001

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Table 5. Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis of Serum Uric Acid Association with 10-Year ASCVD Risk.

From: Serum Uric Acid as a Potential Risk Marker for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Adults: Using the Hisayama Study-based Prediction Model

	Overall		Male		Female
	r = 0.97	p < 0.001	r = 0.96	p < 0.001	r = 0.96	p < 0.001
	β	p	β	p	β	p
Uric acid, mg/dL	0.02	<0.001	0.02	0.006	0.03	<0.001
Age, years	0.67	<0.001	0.86	<0.001	0.79	<0.001
Sex, male	-0.47	<0.001
Current drinker	-0.03	<0.001	-0.04	<0.001	-0.03	<0.001
Current smoker	0.13	<0.001	0.19	<0.001	0.08	<0.001
Systolic BP, mmHg	0.15	<0.001	0.17	<0.001	0.19	<0.001
Hemoglobin, g/dL	0.01	0.016	0.03	<0.001	-0.01	0.195
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	0.14	<0.001	0.16	<0.001	0.18	<0.001
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²	-0.01	0.151	-0.02	<0.001	0.02	<0.001
HbA1c, %	0.12	<0.001	0.15	<0.001	0.11	<0.001

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