Figure and Table | Relation of Social Participation Restrictions with Worsening Quality of Life in Japanese Patients with Behçet’s Disease: The 36-item Short Form Survey

Table 1. Characteristics of Patients by the Presence or Absence of Problems in Each “Participation” Category.

From: Relation of Social Participation Restrictions with Worsening Quality of Life in Japanese Patients with Behçet’s Disease: The 36-item Short Form Survey

Characteristic	Shopping		Preparing meal		Housework other than meal preparation		Basic interpersonal relationships		Family relationships
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
	(n = 42)	(n = 109)	(n = 36)	(n = 115)	(n = 35)	n = 116)	(n = 43)	(n = 108)	(n = 30)	(n = 121)
Sex (male/female) [n]	13/29	58/51^*	8/28	63/52^**	7/28	64/52^**	15/28	56/52	8/22	63/58^**
Age (y)	53 ± 14	51 ± 14	53 ± 11	51 ± 14	55 ± 12	51 ± 14	49 ± 13	53 ± 14	50 ± 12	52 ± 14
Duration of BD (y)	14.7 ± 11.7	15.5 ± 11.8	14.7 ± 11.1	15.5 ± 12.0	15.9 ± 13.6	15.1 ± 11.2	15.0 ± 12.9	15.4 ± 11.4	13.7 ± 10.7	15.7 ± 12.0
Manifestation [n (%)]
Oral ulcers	42 (100)	105 (96.3)	36 (100)	111 (96.5)	35 (100)	112 (96.6)	43 (100)	104 (96.3)	30 (100)	117 (96.7)
Genital ulcers	29 (69.0)	72 (66.1)	25 (69.4)	76 (66.1)	27 (77.1)	74 (63.8)	30 (69.8)	71 (65.7)	21 (70.0)	80 (66.1)
Eye involvement	31 (73.8)	78 (71.6)	26 (72.2)	83 (72.2)	24 (68.6)	85 (73.3)	31 (72.1)	78 (72.2)	21 (70.0)	88 (72.7)
Skin involvement	32 (76.2)	73 (67.0)	30 (83.3)	75 (65.2)^*	30 (85.7)	75 (64.7)^*	38 (88.4)	67 (62.0)^**	24 (80.0)	81 (66.9)
Arthritis	35 (83.3)	69 (63.3)^*	30 (83.3)	74 (64.3)^*	31 (88.6)	73 (62.9)^**	38 (88.4)	66 (61.1)^**	24 (80.0)	80 (66.1)
Depressive symptoms	33 (78.6)	32 (29.4)^**	26 (72.2)	39 (33.9)^**	25 (71.4)	40 (34.5)^**	33 (76.7)	32 (29.6)^**	21 (70.0)	44 (36.4)^**
Fatigue	35 (83.3)	60 (55.0)^**	30 (83.3)	65 (56.5)^**	31 (88.6)	64 (55.2)^**	36 (83.7)	59 (54.6)^**	26 (86.7)	69 (57.0)^**
Number of problem categories in ‘Participation’	6.1 ± 2.3	1.2 ± 1.3^**	6.2 ± 2.3	1.5 ± 1.6^**	6.3 ± 2.4	1.5 ± 1.6^**	5.9 ± 2.5	1.3 ± 1.4^**	6.1 ± 2.8	1.7 ± 1.9^**
SF-36 score
Physical functioning	61.8 ± 26.9	84.9 ± 19.5^**	62.9 ± 28.1	83.3 ± 20.5^**	60.0 ± 28.0	84.0 ± 19.7^**	64.8 ± 28.4	83.9 ± 19.8^**	59.7 ± 27.4	83.1 ± 20.8^**
Role physical	57.3 ± 30.1	75.9 ± 23.5^**	56.9 ± 29.0	75.0 ± 24.6^**	55.4 ± 31.1	75.3 ± 23.6^**	54.5 ± 28.0	77.1 ± 23.4^**	54.8 ± 29.8	74.6 ± 24.5^**
Bodily pain	58.2 ± 24.2	65.9 ± 19.8^*	62.1 ± 23.7	64.3 ± 20.6	57.7 ± 21.7	65.6 ± 21.0^*	60.0 ± 20.6	65.3 ± 21.5	56.8 ± 23.4	65.5 ± 20.5^*
General health	38.5 ± 19.7	48.5 ± 20.3^**	39.0 ± 17.8	47.8 ± 21.0^*	37.3 ± 19.7	48.2 ± 20.2^**	36.1 ± 20.2	49.5 ± 19.6^**	37.0 ± 18.3	47.8 ± 20.6^*
Vitality	48.5 ± 13.9	52.7 ± 14.7	50.0 ± 12.8	52.0 ± 15.1	47.9 ± 12.8	52.6 ± 14.9^*	46.1 ± 13.2	53.7 ± 14.5^**	46.9 ± 14.8	52.7 ± 14.3^*
Social functioning	61.0 ± 30.1	78.4 ± 24.0^**	60.4 ± 28.9	77.7 ± 25.2^**	60.0 ± 31.2	77.7 ± 24.2^**	55.8 ± 27.7	80.7 ± 23.2^**	59.6 ± 29.7	77.1 ± 25.2^**
Role emotional	62.9 ± 30.5	76.9 ± 25.7^**	65.1 ± 30.1	75.5 ± 26.6^*	60.0 ± 30.0	76.9 ± 25.9^**	57.0 ± 28.2	79.4 ± 24.9^**	57.5 ± 32.3	76.9 ± 25.2^**
Mental health	55.7 ± 21.3	64.5 ± 20.5^*	59.0 ± 20.0	63.0 ± 21.4	53.9 ± 20.9	64.6 ± 20.5^**	49.0 ± 20.2	67.3 ± 19.1^**	52.5 ± 20.7	64.5 ± 20.5^*
PCS	27.9 ± 24.9	45.8 ± 18.5^**	27.4 ± 23.8	45.0 ± 19.6^**	26.5 ± 24.7	45.1 ± 19.1^**	27.4 ± 24.0	46.1 ± 18.6^**	26.3 ± 23.8	44.4 ± 19.9^**
MCS	45.1 ± 7.5	45.7 ± 8.8	46.3 ± 6.6	45.3 ± 8.9	44.8 ± 6.7	45.8 ± 8.9	42.4 ± 8.2	46.8 ± 8.2^**	44.4 ± 7.0	45.9 ± 8.7
Characteristic	Married couple/lovers’ relationships		School life		Job		Community life		Hobbies and leisure activities
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
	(n =24)	(n = 127)	(n = 3)	(n = 148)	(n = 90)	(n = 61)	(n = 33)	(n = 118)	(n =55)	(n = 96)
Sex (male/female) [n]	8/16	63/64	2/1	69/79	37/53	34/27	10/23	61/57^*	26/29	45/51
Age (y)	49 ± 13	52 ± 14	24 ± 5	52 ± 14^**	49 ± 12	56 ± 14^**	53 ± 14	51 ± 14	53 ± 14	51 ± 14
Duration of BD (y)	14.9 ± 12.8	15.4 ± 11.6	6.3 ± 3.1	15.2 ± 11.7	14.0 ± 11.0	17.2 ± 12.7	13.3 ± 10.9	15.9 ± 12.0	15.1 ± 12.2	15.4 ± 11.6
Manifestation [n (%)]
Oral ulcers	24 (100)	123 (96.9)	3 (100)	144 (97.3)	89 (98.9)	58 (95.1)	33 (100)	114 (96.6)	54 (98.2)	93 (96.9)
Genital ulcers	17 (70.8)	84 (66.1)	1 (33.3)	100 (67.6)	63 (70.0)	38 (62.3)	19 (57.6)	82 (69.5)	34 (61.8)	67 (69.8)
Eye involvement	16 (66.7)	93 (73.2)	1 (33.3)	108 (73.0)	64 (71.1)	45 (73.8)	24 (72.7)	85 (72.0)	46 (83.6)	63 (65.6)^*
Skin involvement	18 (75.0)	87 (68.5)	3 (100)	102 (68.9)	72 (80.0)	33 (54.1)^**	24 (72.7)	81 (68.6)	38 (69.1)	67 (69.8)
Arthritis	20 (83.3)	84 (66.1)	3 (100)	101 (68.2)	71 (78.9)	33 (54.1)^**	27 (81.8)	77 (65.3)	43 (78.2)	61 (63.5)
Depressive symptoms	19 (79.2)	46 (36.2)^**	3 (100)	62 (41.9)	47 (52.2)	18 (29.5)^**	22 (66.7)	43 (36.4)^**	38 (69.1)	27 (28.1)^**
Fatigue	21 (87.5)	74 (58.3)^**	3 (100)	92 (62.2)	69 (76.7)	26 (42.6)^**	28 (84.8)	67 (56.8)^**	39 (70.9)	56 (58.3)
Number of problem categories in ‘Participation’	6.1 ± 2.7	1.9 ± 2.2^**	6.3 ± 3.1	2.5 ± 2.7^*	3.7 ± 2.7	1.0 ± 1.8^**	6.3 ± 2.2	1.6 ± 1.8^**	5.1 ± 2.7	1.2 ± 1.4^**
SF-36 score
Physical functioning	67.3 ± 26.0	80.6 ± 23.2^**	65.0 ± 27.8	78.7 ± 24.0	76.0 ± 22.9	82.1 ± 25.4	59.1 ± 27.0	83.9 ± 20.2^**	66.1 ± 26.6	85.5 ± 19.3^**
Role physical	62.0 ± 27.0	72.3 ± 26.5	52.1 ± 26.0	71.1 ± 26.7	66.9 ± 24.9	76.2 ± 28.6^*	50.2 ± 27.0	76.4 ± 23.8^**	60.5 ± 28.2	76.6 ± 24.1^**
Bodily pain	60.3 ± 21.2	64.4 ± 21.4	48.7 ± 20.8	64.1 ± 21.3	63.0 ± 22.1	64.9 ± 20.3	59.6 ± 24.1	64.9 ± 20.5	60.6 ± 24.0	65.6 ± 19.6
General health	41.8 ± 19.3	46.4 ± 20.8	43.0 ± 14.4	46.3 ± 20.2^**	42.3 ± 20.1	50.6 ± 20.4^*	33.8 ± 21.6	49.0 ± 19.1^**	38.6 ± 20.3	49.7 ± 19.7^**
Vitality	46.9 ± 15.7	52.4 ± 14.2	31.3 ± 6.3	51.9 ± 14.4^*	49.7 ± 15.0	54.3 ± 13.4	44.7 ± 13.1	53.4 ± 14.4^**	49.3 ± 15.3	52.8 ± 14.0
Social functioning	62.0 ± 27.7	75.8 ± 26.3^*	54.2 ± 36.1	74.0 ± 26.7	69.3 ± 25.6	79.9 ± 27.8^*	51.9 ± 26.4	79.7 ± 23.9^**	61.6 ± 28.9	80.5 ± 23.3^**
Role emotional	59.0 ± 28.6	75.7 ± 26.9^**	50.0 ± 22.0	73.5 ± 27.7	71.0 ± 27.3	76.0 ± 28.3	55.1 ± 29.8	78.0 ± 25.0^**	64.7 ± 29.5	77.8 ± 25.6^**
Mental health	57.1 ± 20.0	63.0 ± 21.2	31.7 ± 7.6	62.7 ± 20.8^*	58.3 ± 20.6	67.7 ± 20.7^**	49.6 ± 17.2	65.6 ± 20.7^**	57.6 ± 21.7	64.7 ± 20.3^*
PCS	31.2 ± 23.0	42.6 ± 21.3^*	33.7 ± 29.2	40.9 ± 21.8	38.5 ± 19.7	44.1 ± 24.6	23.3 ± 22.4	45.7 ± 19.2^**	30.1 ± 22.3	46.9 ± 19.2^**
MCS	44.6 ± 6.9	45.7 ± 8.7	31.8 ± 3.4	45.8 ± 8.3^**	44.2 ± 8.2	47.6 ± 8.5^*	42.9 ± 6.9	51.5 ± 13.6^*	45.0 ± 8.0	45.9 ± 8.7

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Table 2. Comparison of the Scores on Dimensions of the SF-36 Questionnaire between Patients with and without Each Symptom.

From: Relation of Social Participation Restrictions with Worsening Quality of Life in Japanese Patients with Behçet’s Disease: The 36-item Short Form Survey

Characteristic	Oral ulcers		Genital ulcers		Eye involvement		Skin involvement		Arthritis
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
	(n = 147)	(n = 4)	(n = 101)	(n = 50)	(n = 109)	(n = 42)	(n = 105)	(n = 46)	(n = 104)	(n = 47)
Sex (male/female) [n]	68/79	3/1	38/63	33/17^**	59/50	12/30^**	41/64	30/16^**	38/66	33/14^**
Age (y)	53 ± 14	52 ± 14	56 ± 11	51 ± 14	52 ± 14	53 ± 14	48 ± 11	54 ± 15^*	54 ± 13	51 ± 14
Duration of BD (y)	15.1 ± 11.7	17.4 ± 11.7	18.1 ± 10.7	15.3 ± 11.9	15.1 ± 11.0	16.3 ± 12.3	14.4 ± 10.7	16.1 ± 12.3	15.1 ± 11.3	16.3 ± 12.1
Manifestation [n (%)]
Oral ulcers	147 (100)	0^**	100 (99.0)	47 (94.0)	100 (99.0)	40 (95.2)	105 (100)	42 (91.3)^**	103 (99.0)	44 (93.6)
Genital ulcers	100 (68.0)	1 (25.0)	101 (100)	0^**	27 (77.1)	74 (63.8)	80 (76.2)	21 (45.7)^**	79 (76.0)	22 (46.8)^**
Eye involvement	105 (71.4)	4 (100)	66 (65.4)	43 (86.0)^**	24 (68.6)	85 (73.3)	74 (70.5)	35 (76.1)	68 (65.4)	41 (87.2)^**
Skin involvement	105 (71.4)	0^**	80 (79.2)	25 (50.0)^**	30 (85.7)	75 (64.7)^*	105 (100)	0^**	86 (82.7)	19 (40.4)^**
Arthritis	103 (70.1)	1 (25.0)	79 (78.2)	25 (50.0)^**	31 (88.6)	73 (62.9)^**	86 (81.9)	18 (39.1)^**	104 (100)	0^**
Depressive symptoms	65 (44.2)	0	48 (47.5)	17 (34.0)	25 (71.4)	40 (34.5)^**	53 (50.5)	12 (26.1)^**	53 (51.0)	12 (25.5)^**
Fatigue	95 (64.6)	0^*	75 (74.3)	20 (40.0)^**	31 (88.6)	64 (55.2)^**	77 (73.3)	18 (39.1)^**	80 (76.9)	15 (31.9)^**
Number of problem categories in ‘Participation’	3.0 ± 2.9	1.9 ± 2.1*	3.6 ± 3.2	2.4 ± 2.6	2.7 ± 2.6	2.5 ± 2.8	3.3 ± 3.0	2.3 ± 2.6	3.6 ± 3.0	1.8 ± 2.2^**
Participation categories
Shopping	42 (28.6)	0	29 (28.7)	13 (26.0)	31 (28.4)	11 (26.2)	32 (30.5)	10 (21.7)	35 (33.7)	7 (14.9)^*
Preparing meals	36 (24.5)	0	25 (24.8)	11 (22.0)	26 (23.9)	10 (23.8)	30 (28.6)	6 (13.0)^*	30 (28.8)	6 (12.8)^*
Housework other than meal preparation	35 (23.8)	0	27 (26.7)	8 (16.0)	24 (22.0)	11 (26.2)	30 (28.6)	5 (10.9)^*	31 (29.8)	4 (8.5)
Basic interpersonal relationships	43 (29.3)	0	30 (29.7)	13 (26.0)	31 (28.4)	12 (28.6)	38 (36.2)	5 (10.9)^**	38 (36.5)	5 (10.6)^**
Family relationships	30 (20.4)	0	21 (20.8)	9 (18.0)	21 (19.3)	9 (21.4)	24 (22.9)	6 (13.0)	24 (23.1)	6 (12.8)
Married couple/lovers’ relationships	24 (16.3)	0	17 (16.8)	7 (14.0)	16 (14.7)	8 (19.0)	18 (17.1)	6 (13.0)	20 (19.2)	4 (8.5)
School life	3 (2.0)	0	1 (1.0)	2 (4.0)	1 (0.9)	2 (4.8)	3 (2.9)	0	3 (2.9)	0
Job	89 (60.5)	1 (25.0)	63 (62.4)	27 (54.0)	64 (58.7)	26 (61.9)	72 (68.6)	18 (39.1)^**	71 (68.3)	19 (40.4)^**
Community life	33 (22.4)	0	19 (18.8)	14 (28.0)	24 (22.0)	9 (21.4)	24 (22.9)	9 (19.6)	27 (26.0)	6 (12.8)
Hobbies and leisure activities	54 (36.7)	1 (25.0)	34 (33.7)	21 (42.0)	46 (42.2)	9 (21.4)^*	38 (36.2)	17 (37.0)	43 (41.3)	12 (25.5)
SF-36 score
Physical functioning	75.7 ± 23.8	80.6 ± 24.5	71.7 ± 19.8	78.7 ± 24.7	77.5 ± 23.3	77.6 ± 24.7	77.4 ± 21.6	78.1 ± 25.3	66.2 ± 22.4	86.4 ± 21.6^**
Role physical	64.7 ± 26.5	77.1 ± 23.8^*	55.7 ± 23.7	71.9 ± 25.9^**	64.7 ± 25.0	72.6 ± 26.7	64.5 ± 24.8	72.3 ± 26.7	56.7 ± 23.9	79.0 ± 23.7^**
Bodily pain	58.6 ± 18.5	70.3 ± 21.9^**	53.1 ± 16.2	64.7 ± 20.7^*	62.3 ± 20.6	63.2 ± 20.4	58.2 ± 18.5	65.6 ± 21.1^*	50.4 ± 14.9	72.5 ± 18.9^**
General health	38.5 ± 19.7	51.0 ± 22.2^**	38.1 ± 13.6	45.1 ± 21.6	37.9 ± 18.6	48.4 ± 21.0^**	37.2 ± 17.1	47.9 ± 21.5^**	35.9 ± 18.1	50.3 ± 20.4^**
Vitality	49.6 ± 12.8	54.4 ± 15.7	46.4 ± 12.3	52.3 ± 14.2	52.3 ± 14.1	50.7 ± 14.0	47.4 ± 12.7	53.5 ± 14.1^*	45.3 ± 12.3	56.1 ± 13.5^**
Social functioning	69.4 ± 27.3	79.7 ± 24.0^*	66.1 ± 30.4	74.5 ± 25.7	68.2 ± 27.9	76.8 ± 25.1	73.3 ± 25.1	73.7 ± 27.4	64.9 ± 25.6	79.6 ± 25.6^**
Role emotional	67.3 ± 28.1	80.4 ± 25.6^*	61.1 ± 25.5	74.2 ± 27.9^*	69.4 ± 29.9	74.0 ± 26.3	68.8 ± 26.8	74.3 ± 28.3	61.3 ± 26.6	80.5 ± 26.0^**
Mental health	58.0 ± 20.1	70.2 ± 21.8^**	58.8 ± 16.0	62.9 ± 22.2	58.8 ± 20.5	64.8 ± 21.8	56.5 ± 20.4	65.3 ± 21.1^*	56.5 ± 18.6	66.8 ± 22.4^**
PCS	37.0 ± 22.5	44.5 ± 18.3	32.3 ± 23.0	41.3 ± 20.9	36.4 ± 20.5	42.3 ± 21.9	40.4 ± 20.8	40.1 ± 22.0	31.1 ± 21.1	46.6 ± 19.3^**
MCS	44.1 ± 7.5	48.5 ± 9.5^**	44.6 ± 7.3	45.8 ± 8.7	44.3 ± 8.4	46.5 ± 8.4	42.9 ± 7.9	47.0 ± 8.3^**	43.8 ± 7.3	47.0 ± 9.1^*
Characteristic	Depressive symptoms		Fatigue
	Yes	No	Yes	No
	(n =65)	(n = 86)	(n = 95)	(n = 56)
Sex (male/female) [n]	24/41	47/39^*	31/64	40/16^**
Age (y)	54 ± 12	51 ± 14	50 ± 13	54 ± 14
Duration of BD (y)	17.3 ± 14.7	15.1 ± 10.8	15.4 ± 12.0	15.1 ± 11.4
Manifestation [n (%)]
Oral ulcers	65 (100)	82 (95.3)	95 (100)	52 (92.9)^*
Genital ulcers	48 (73.8)	53 (61.6)	75 (78.9)	26 (46.4)^**
Eye involvement	50 (76.9)	59 (68.6)	62 (65.3)	47 (83.9)^*
Skin involvement	53 (81.5)	52 (60.5)^**	77 (81.1)	28 (50.0)^**
Arthritis	53 (81.5)	51 (59.3)^**	80 (84.2)	24 (42.9)^**
Depressive symptoms	65 (100)	0^**	54 (56.8)	11 (19.6)^**
Fatigue	54 (83.1)	41 (47.7)^**	95 (100)	0^**
Number of problem categories in ‘Participation’	4.7 ± 3.1	2.0 ± 2.3^**	3.4 ± 2.8	1.3 ± 2.1^**
Participation categories
Shopping	33 (50.8)	9 (10.5)^**	35 (36.8)	7 (12.5)^**
Preparing meals	26 (40.0)	10 (11.6)^**	30 (31.6)	6 (10.7)^**
Housework other than meal preparation	25 (38.5)	10 (11.6)^**	31 (32.6)	4 (7.1)^**
Basic interpersonal relationships	33 (50.8)	9 (10.5)^**	36 (37.9)	7 (12.5)^**
Family relationships	21 (32.3)	9 (10.5)^**	26 (27.4)	4 (7.1)^**
Married couple/lovers’ relationships	19 (29.2)	5 (5.8)^**	21 (22.1)	3 (5.4)^**
School life	3 (4.6)	0	3 (3.2)	0
Job	47 (72.3)	43 (50.0)^**	69 (72.6)	21 (37.5)^**
Community life	22 (33.8)	11 (12.8)^**	28 (29.5)	5 (8.9)^**
Hobbies and leisure activities	38 (58.5)	17 (19.8)^**	39 (41.1)	16 (28.6)
SF-36 score
Physical functioning	62.2 ± 27.2	82.5 ± 21.0^**	73.2 ± 24.5	87.4 ± 20.7^**
Role physical	52.3 ± 23.2	74.8 ± 25.0^**	61.1 ± 25.9	86.9 ± 19.4^**
Bodily pain	54.9 ± 22.3	65.6 ± 19.4^**	57.0 ± 20.0	75.3 ± 18.6^**
General health	32.1 ± 18.0	47.9 ± 20.2^**	39.7 ± 19.6	55.9 ± 18.2^**
Vitality	42.1 ± 11.9	54.2 ± 13.3^**	46.5 ± 13.6	60.0 ± 12.0^**
Social functioning	52.9 ± 26.6	79.7 ± 23.4^**	66.2 ± 27.4	86.2 ± 21.0^**
Role emotional	53.3 ± 23.2	78.1 ± 26.7^**	65.9 ± 27.8	85.1 ± 23.3^**
Mental health	47.2 ± 20.2	66.9 ± 19.4^**	56.9 ± 19.9	70.9 ± 20.1^**
PCS	26.2 ± 23.1	44.3 ± 19.3^**	35.4 ± 23.0	49.9 ± 16.4^**
MCS	40.8 ± 8.3	47.1 ± 7.9^**	43.5 ± 7.7	49.1 ± 8.5^**

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Table 3. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficients between the Number of Problem Categories in the “Participation” Component of the “BD-Checklist 92” and the Scores on the Dimensions of the SF-36 Questionnaire.

From: Relation of Social Participation Restrictions with Worsening Quality of Life in Japanese Patients with Behçet’s Disease: The 36-item Short Form Survey

Dimension	Number of the problem category in the component of “Participation”
Dimension	r	P
Physical functioning	−0.460	< 0.001
Role physical	−0.431	< 0.001
Bodily pain	−0.183	0.025
General health	−0.380	< 0.001
Vitality	−0.278	< 0.001
Social functioning	−0.453	< 0.001
Role emotional	−0.327	< 0.001
Mental health	−0.349	< 0.001
PCS	−0.457	< 0.001
MCS	−0.212	0.009

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Table 4-1. Multiple Regression Analysis for the SF-36 Scores and the Number of Problem Categories Extracted from Each “Participation” Category of the BD-Checklist 92.

From: Relation of Social Participation Restrictions with Worsening Quality of Life in Japanese Patients with Behçet’s Disease: The 36-item Short Form Survey

Independent variable	Number of the problem category in the component of “Participation”
Independent variable	B	95% CI	P
Physical functioning	−3.606	−4.933 to −2.278	< 0.001
Role physical	−1.789	−3.323 to −0.255	0.023
Bodily pain	0.351	−1.065 to 1.766	0.625
General health	−1.133	−2.482 to 0.216	0.099
Vitality	0.034	−0.915 to 0.983	0.943
Social functioning	−2.571	−4.206 to −0.936	0.002
Role emotional	−1.368	−3.130 to 0.395	0.127
Mental health	−0.951	−2.354 to 0.452	0.182
PCS	−2.597	−3.838 to −1.356	< 0.001
MCS	0.148	−0.430 to 0.727	0.613

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Table 4-2. Multiple Regression Analysis for Each “Participation” Category and the SF-36 Scores.

From: Relation of Social Participation Restrictions with Worsening Quality of Life in Japanese Patients with Behçet’s Disease: The 36-item Short Form Survey

Independent variable	Shopping			Preparing meal			Housework other than meal preparation
Independent variable	B	95%CI	P	B	95%CI	P	B	95%CI	P
Physical functioning	−0.921	−12.931 to 11.088	0.880	3.529	−7.925 to 14.983	0.543	−5.267	−16.862 to 6.327	0.370
Role physical	7.323	−6.270 to 20.916	0.288	4.415	−8.549 to 17.380	0.502	−3.354	−16.477 to 9.769	0.614
Bodily pain	−2.622	−15.449 to 10.206	0.001	10.185	−2.049 to 22.420	0.102	−3.377	−15.762 to 9.007	0.590
General health	7.107	−4.962 to 19.176	0.246	2.992	−8.519 to 14.503	0.608	−4.423	−16.075 to 7.229	0.454
Vitality	2.926	−5.592 to 11.445	0.498	6.579	−1.546 to 14.704	0.112	−1.946	−10.170 to 6.278	0.640
Social functioning	8.163	−6.278 to 22.603	0.265	5.545	−8.228 to 19.317	0.364	−0.913	−14.855 to 13.028	0.897
Role emotional	10.590	−4.812 to 25.993	0.176	15.382	0.692 to 30.072	0.040	−9.910	−24.780 to 4.960	0.190
Mental health	5.193	−6.683 to 17.069	0.389	17.574	6.247 to 28.901	0.003	−9.513	−20.979 to 1.953	0.103
PCS	4.066	−7.098 to 15.230	0.472	1.981	−8.667 to 12.629	0.713	−2.490	−13.269 to 8.289	0.848
MCS	2.331	−2.731 to 7.394	0.364	5.599	0.771 to 10.428	0.023	−2.135	−7.022 to 2.753	0.389
Independent variable	Basic interpersonal relationships			Family relationships			Married couple/lovers’ relationships
Independent variable	B	95%CI	P	B	95%CI	P	B	95%CI	P
Physical functioning	−5.757	−15.303 to 3.789	0.235	−13.634	−23.312 to −3.956	0.006	6.225	−4.005 to 16.455	0.231
Role physical	−10.953	−21.758 to −0.149	0.047	−8.680	−19.634 to 2.274	0.119	12.190	0.611 to 23.769	0.039
Bodily pain	1.136	−9.060 to 11.332	0.826	−5.852	−16.189 to 4.486	0.265	6.051	−4.876 to 16.978	0.275
General health	−5.213	−14.806 to 4.380	0.284	−3.043	−12.769 to 6.683	0.537	8.267	−2.013 to 18.548	0.114
Vitality	−3.263	−10.034 to 3.508	0.342	1.005	−5.860 to 7.869	0.668	1.579	−5.677 to 8.835	0.668
Social functioning	−15.198	−26.676 to −3.720	0.010	−2.318	−13.956 to 9.319	0.694	5.040	−7.261 to 17.341	0.419
Role emotional	−14.634	−26.877 to −2.391	0.020	−6.341	−18.753 to 6.071	0.314	4.016	−9.104 to 17.136	0.546
Mental health	−16.368	−25.808 to −6.928	< 0.001	−2.585	−12.156 to 6.399	0.594	9.013	−1.104 to 19.130	0.080
PCS	−8.731	−17.606 to 0.143	0.054	−8.852	−17.849 to 0.145	0.054	5.996	−3.514 to 15.506	0.215
MCS	−4.165	−8.189 to −0.142	0.043	1.735	−2.345 to 5.814	0.402	1.985	−2.327 to 6.297	0.364

Independent variable	School life			Job			Community life
Independent variable	B	95%CI	P	B	95%CI	P	B	95%CI	P
Physical functioning	2.755	−21.067 to 26.578	0.819	0.731	−6.345 to 7.806	0.838	−5.727	−15.878 to 4.423	0.266
Role physical	8.524	−18.440 to 35.487	0.533	2.721	−5.287 to 10.729	0.503	−12.359	−23.848 to −0.870	0.035
Bodily pain	−3.864	−29.309 to 21.581	0.764	6.271	−1.286 to 13.829	0.103	1.745	−9.098 to 12.587	0.751
General health	−23.266	−47.206 to 0.674	0.057	−0.324	−7.435 to 6.786	0.928	−4.412	−14.613 to 5.789	0.394
Vitality	−9.624	−26.522 to 7.273	0.262	1.7830	−3.236 to 6.801	0.483	−6.900	−14.100 to 0.300	0.060
Social functioning	2.771	−25.873 to 31.416	0.849	−1.060	−9.568 to 7.447	0.806	−14.511	−26.716 to −2.306	0.020
Role emotional	6.065	−24.488 to 36.617	0.695	5.805	−3.269 to 14.879	0.208	−13.995	−27.013 to −0.976	0.035
Mental health	−1.547	−25.106 to 22.011	0.897	−1.325	−8.322 to 5.672	0.709	−10.159	−20.198 to −0.121	0.047
PCS	9.682	−12.464 to 31.828	0.389	1.260	−5.317 to 7.837	0.705	−7.835	−17.271 to 1.602	0.103
MCS	−6.940	−16.981 to 3.102	0.174	−0.398	−3.381 to 2.584	0.792	−3.105	−7.783 to 1.174	0.154
Independent variable	Hobbies and leisure activities
Independent variable	B	95%CI	P
Physical functioning	−8.434	−17.383 to 0.515	0.065
Role physical	−2.977	−13.106 to 7.152	0.562
Bodily pain	−6.279	−15.828 to 3.280	0.196
General health	−6.787	−15.780 to 2.206	0.138
Vitality	0.063	−6.285 to 6.411	0.984
Social functioning	−5.736	−16.496 to 5.025	0.294
Role emotional	−1.193	−12.670 to 10.285	0.837
Mental health	2.227	−6.623 to 11.077	0.619
PCS	−6.334	−14.653 to 1.986	0.134
MCS	−0.396	−3.376 to 4.169	0.836

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