From: Pathogens in Vasculitis: Is It Really Idiopathic?
Viruses | PRRSV | Pig | Aorta, renal arteries, postcapillary venules in the dermis |
Aleutian mink disease virus | Mink | Necrotizing arteritis of small muscular arteries | |
Equine arteritis virus | Equine | Small-vessel vasculitis throughout the body | |
Newcastle disease virus | Chicken | Cerebral vasculitis | |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | Mouse, hamster | Glomerulonephritis and widespread vasculitis | |
Cytomegalovirus | Mouse | Aortitis and pulmonary arteritis | |
Bacteria | Chlamydia pneumoniae | Rabbit | Aortitis |
Borrelia burgdorferi | Rat, mouse | Arthritis, myocarditis, and vasculitis (model of Lyme disease) | |
BCG + Mycobacterium intracellulare | Mouse | Coronary arteritis | |
Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Turkey | Cerebral arteritis | |
Lactobacillus casei | Mouse | Coronary arteritis | |
Fungi | Candida albicans | Mouse | Coronary arteritis |
Candida krusei | Mouse | Coronary arteritis |
From: Pathogens in Vasculitis: Is It Really Idiopathic?
Viruses | HBV | PAN, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis |
HCV | Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis | |
HIV | Large-, medium-, and/or small-sized vessel vasculitis, cerebral vasculitis, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis | |
VZV | Small- and large-vessel vasculitis of the cerebrum, retina, choroid, kidneys, and skin | |
Cytomegalovirus | Vasculitis of the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, retina, and cutaneous tissue | |
HTLV-1 | Necrotizing retinitis, cutaneous vasculitis | |
EBV | Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, granulomatous vasculitis, large-vessel vasculitis | |
Parvovirus B19 | IgA vasculitis, PAN, Kawasaki disease, Wegener’s granulomatosis, GCA, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis | |
Hantavirus | Cutaneous vasculitis | |
Herpes simplex virus | Necrotizing vasculitis of small- and medium-sized lung and peripancreatic arteries | |
Rubella virus | Cutaneous vasculitis | |
Coronavirus | Kawasaki disease, MIS-C | |
Bacteria | Staphylococcus aureus | Aortitis, GPA, Kawasaki disease |
Streptococcus species | IgA vasculitis, PAN, KD | |
Bartonella henselae | Small-vessel vasculitis, endocarditis | |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Takayasu arteritis; IgA vasculitis; cerebral, cutaneous, and retinal vasculitis | |
Salmonella | Aortitis | |
Clostridium | Aortitis | |
Burkholderia | GCA | |
Mycoplasma | IgA vasculitis, cerebral vasculitis, KD | |
Fungi | Aspergillus | Cerebral vasculitis, endocarditis |
Coccidioides | Cerebral vasculitis, endocarditis | |
Candida species | Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis, cerebral vasculitis, endocarditis | |
Others | Treponema pallidum | Aortitis, retinal vasculitis, cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis |
Orientia tsutsugamushi | Systemic vasculitis | |
Borrelia burgdorferi | Cerebral and retinal vasculitis, GCA |