Table 1. Animal Models of Pathogen-Associated Vasculitis.

From: Pathogens in Vasculitis: Is It Really Idiopathic?

Viruses PRRSV Pig Aorta, renal arteries, postcapillary venules in the dermis
Aleutian mink disease virus Mink Necrotizing arteritis of small muscular arteries
Equine arteritis virus Equine Small-vessel vasculitis throughout the body
Newcastle disease virus Chicken Cerebral vasculitis
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Mouse, hamster Glomerulonephritis and widespread vasculitis
Cytomegalovirus Mouse Aortitis and pulmonary arteritis
 
Bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae Rabbit Aortitis
Borrelia burgdorferi Rat, mouse Arthritis, myocarditis, and vasculitis (model of Lyme disease)
BCG + Mycobacterium intracellulare Mouse Coronary arteritis
Mycoplasma gallisepticum Turkey Cerebral arteritis
Lactobacillus casei Mouse Coronary arteritis
 
Fungi Candida albicans Mouse Coronary arteritis
Candida krusei Mouse Coronary arteritis
Table 2. Human Vasculitis Associated with Pathogen.

From: Pathogens in Vasculitis: Is It Really Idiopathic?

Viruses HBV PAN, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
HCV Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
HIV Large-, medium-, and/or small-sized vessel vasculitis, cerebral vasculitis, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
VZV Small- and large-vessel vasculitis of the cerebrum, retina, choroid, kidneys, and skin
Cytomegalovirus Vasculitis of the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, retina, and cutaneous tissue
HTLV-1 Necrotizing retinitis, cutaneous vasculitis
EBV Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, granulomatous vasculitis, large-vessel vasculitis
Parvovirus B19 IgA vasculitis, PAN, Kawasaki disease, Wegener’s granulomatosis, GCA, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
Hantavirus Cutaneous vasculitis
Herpes simplex virus Necrotizing vasculitis of small- and medium-sized lung and peripancreatic arteries
Rubella virus Cutaneous vasculitis
Coronavirus Kawasaki disease, MIS-C
 
Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus Aortitis, GPA, Kawasaki disease
Streptococcus species IgA vasculitis, PAN, KD
Bartonella henselae Small-vessel vasculitis, endocarditis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Takayasu arteritis; IgA vasculitis; cerebral, cutaneous, and retinal vasculitis
Salmonella Aortitis
Clostridium Aortitis
Burkholderia GCA
Mycoplasma IgA vasculitis, cerebral vasculitis, KD
 
Fungi Aspergillus Cerebral vasculitis, endocarditis
Coccidioides Cerebral vasculitis, endocarditis
Candida species Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis, cerebral vasculitis, endocarditis
 
Others Treponema pallidum Aortitis, retinal vasculitis, cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
Orientia tsutsugamushi Systemic vasculitis
Borrelia burgdorferi Cerebral and retinal vasculitis, GCA
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