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Table 1. Comparison of Clinical Backgrounds between the 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-pretreated and Non-pretreated Patients Who Underwent Neurosurgery.

From: Differences in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Hemodynamic Changes between Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery and Urological Surgery

5-ALA-pretreated Non-pretreated P-value
Number 17 16
Age (yr) 64 [47–72] 71 [44–76] 0.871
Sex 0.303
　Female 11 (64.7%) 7 (43.8%)
　Male 6 (35.3%) 9 (56.2%)
BMI (kg/m2) 22.4 [20.6–24.6] 22.2 [20.5–24.1] 0.652
Tumor
　Recurrence 7 (41.2%) 3 (18.8%) 0.259
　Pathology 1.000
　Gliomas 15 (88.2%) 14 (87.5%)
　Lymphoma 0 (0.0%) 1 (6.2%)
　Metastatic tumor 2 (11.8%) 1 (6.2%)
　MRI volume (cm3) 37.6 [34.5–81.1] 24.5 [15.1–54.2] 0.292
KPS score 60 [50–60] 60 [50–80] 0.607
Comorbidity 7 (41.2%) 6 (37.5%) 1.000
　Hypertension 5 (29.4%) 3 (18.8%) 0.688
　Diabetes mellitus 0 (0.0%) 1 (6.2%) 0.485
　Heart disease 0 (0.0%) 1 (6.2%) 0.485
　Hyperlipidemia 3 (17.6%) 3 (18.8%) 1.000
　CKD 0 (0.0%) 2 (12.5%) 0.227
　Stroke 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1.000
Laboratory data
　TP (g/dL) 6.7 [6.4–7.0] 6.8 [6.7–7.2] 0.481
　Alb (g/dL) 3.8 [3.5–4.2] 4.3 [3.9–4.5] 0.063
　AST (IU/L) 16 [14–18] 23 [19–27] 0.008
　ALT (IU/L) 15 [12–20] 18 [12–23] 0.329
　Hb (g/dL) 12.6 [11.3–14.1] 13.7 [12.7–15.1] 0.528
Antihypertensives 5 (29.4%) 2 (12.5%) 0.398
　RAS inhibitor 3 (17.6%) 1 (6.2%) 0.601
　β-Blocker 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) N/A
　Ca antagonist 2 (11.8%) 1 (6.2%) 1.000
Intraoperative
　Operative time (min) 211 [161–228] 144 [126–151] <0.001
　SBP <80mmHg
　–T4 7 (41.2%) 6 (37.5%) 1.000
　–T6 6 (35.3%) 6 (37.5%) 1.000
　Vasoactives 16 (94.1%) 14 (87.5%) 0.601
　Blood loss 130 [50–350] 45 [20–127] 0.024
Postoperative
　MV 15 (88.2%) 9 (56.2%) 0.057
　Dopamine 2 (11.8%) 1 (6.2%) 1.000
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Table 2. Comparison of Clinical Backgrounds between the 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-pretreated and Non-pretreated Patients Who Underwent Urological Surgery.

From: Differences in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Hemodynamic Changes between Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery and Urological Surgery

5-ALA-pretreated Non-pretreated P-value
Number 26 101
Age (yr) 73 [63–77] 75 [64–79] 0.229
Sex 0.436
　Female 4 (15.4%) 24 (23.8%)
　Male 22 (84.6%) 77 (76.2%)
BMI (kg/m2) 23.0 [20.8–24.3] 23.1 [20.7–25.0] 0.986
Tumor
　Recurrency 13 (50.0%) 43 (42.6%) 0.515
　Pathology 0.277
　Ta 11 (42.3%) 37 (36.6%)
　T1 7 (26.9%) 34 (33.7%)
　T2 0 (0.0%) 9 (8.9%)
　CIS 5 (19.2%) 8 (7.9%)
　Others 3 (11.5%) 13 (12.9%)
Comorbidity 20 (76.9%) 75 (74.3%) 1.000
　Hypertension 13 (50.0%) 54 (53.5%) 0.827
　Diabetes mellitus 9 (34.6%) 19 (18.8%) 0.110
　Heart disease 6 (23.1%) 11 (10.9%) 0.115
　Hyperlipidemia 6 (23.1%) 28 (27.7%) 0.805
　CKD 7 (26.9%) 32 (31.7%) 0.812
　Stroke 1 (3.8%) 6 (5.9%) 1.000
Laboratory data
　TP (g/dL) 6.8 [6.7–7.2] 7.0 [6.7–7.3] 0.217
　Alb (g/dL) 4.2 [3.9–4.2] 4.1 [3.8–4.3] 0.629
　AST (IU/L) 22 [19–27] 24 [21–29] 0.152
　ALT (IU/L) 21 [14–28] 18 [14–25] 0.749
　Hb (g/dL) 14.4 [13.9–15.2] 13.7 [12.8–14.7] 0.005
Preoperative BTF 0 (0.0%) 4 (4.0%) 0.581
Antihypertensives 13 (50.0%) 51 (50.5%) 1.000
　RAS inhibitor 9 (34.6%) 28 (27.7%) 0.479
　β-Blocker 1 (3.8%) 13 (12.9%) 0.298
　Ca antagonist 7 (26.9%) 30 (29.7%) 1.000
Postural hypotension 2 (7.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0.041
Anesthesia plan 0.014
　GA 7 (26.9%) 8 (7.9%)
　SA 19 (73.1%) 93 (92.1%)
Intraoperative
　Operative time (min) 38 [26–55] 25 [16–33] 0.002
　SBP <80mmHg 10 (40.0%) 2 (2.0%) <0.001
　Vasoactives 14 (53.8%) 3 (3.0%) <0.001
Postoperative
　THP 19 (76.0%) 55 (54.5%) 0.069
　Diclofenac 13 (52.0%) 33 (32.7%) 0.103
　Hematuria 0.435
　Non-visible 17 (70.8%) 58 (57.4%)
　Faint 3 (12.5%) 24 (23.8%)
　Gross 4 (16.7%) 19 (18.8%)
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Table 3. Comparison of Clinical Backgrounds of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-pretreated Patients Who Underwent Neurosurgery and Urological Surgery.

From: Differences in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Hemodynamic Changes between Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery and Urological Surgery

NeuroSRG Urological-SRG P-value
Number 17 26
Age 64 [47–72] 73 [63–77] 0.098
Sex 0.002
　Female 11 (64.7%) 4 (15.4%)
　Male 6 (35.3%) 22 (84.6%)
BMI (kg/m2) 22.4 [20.6–24.6] 23.0 [20.8–24.3] 0.759
KPS score 60 [50–60] 100 [100–100] <0.001
Tumor
　Recurrence 7 (41.2%) 13 (50.0%) 0.756
　Tumor size N/A
　MRI volume (cm3) 37.6 [34.5–81.1] N/A
T (TNM classification) N/A
　Ta 11 (42.3%)
　T1 7 (26.9%)
　T2 0 (0.0%)
　CIS 5 (19.2%)
　Others 3 (11.5%)
Comorbidity 7 (41.2%) 20 (76.9%) 0.026
　Hypertension 5 (29.4%) 13 (50.0%) 0.219
　Diabetes mellitus 0 (0.0%) 9 (34.6%) 0.007
　Heart disease 0 (0.0%) 6 (23.1%) 0.066
　Hyperlipidemia 3 (17.6%) 6 (23.1%) 1.000
　CKD 0 (0.0%) 7 (26.9%) 0.031
　Stroke 0 (0.0%) 1 (3.8%) 1.000
Antihypertensives 5 (29.4%) 13 (50.0%) 0.219
　RAS inhibitor 3 (17.6%) 9 (34.6%) 0.306
　β-Blocker 0 (0.0%) 1 (3.8%) 1.000
　Ca antagonist 2 (11.8%) 7 (26.9%) 0.281
Laboratory data
　Alb (g/dL) 3.8 [3.5–4.2] 4.2 [3.9–4.2] 0.021
　Hb (g/dL) 12.6 [11.3–14.1] 14.4 [13.9–15.2] 0.001
SBP <80mmHg (T4) 7 (41.2%) 10 (40.0%) 1.000
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Table 4. Relationships between 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-induced Intraoperative Hypotension and Clinical Backgrounds in Urological Surgery Patients.

From: Differences in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Induced Hemodynamic Changes between Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery and Urological Surgery

SBP < 80mmHg SBP ≥80mmHg P-value
Number 10 15
Age (yr) ≥80 1 (10.0%) 2 (13.3%) 1.000
Sex 0.626
　Female 1 (10.0%) 3 (20.0%)
　Male 9 (90.0%) 12 (80.0%)
BMI (kg/m2) ≥25 3 (30.0%) 2 (13.3%) 0.358
Anesthesia 0.075
　GA 5 (50.0%) 2 (13.3%)
　SA 5 (50.0%) 13 (86.7%)
Comorbidity 8 (80.0%) 11 (73.3%) 1.000
　Hypertension 8 (80.0%) 4 (26.7%) 0.015
　Diabetes mellitus 4 (40.0%) 5 (33.3%) 1.000
　Heart disease 3 (30.0%) 3 (20.0%) 0.653
　Hyperlipidemia 3 (30.0%) 3 (20.0%) 0.653
　CKD 3 (30.0%) 4 (26.7%) 1.000
　Stroke 0 (0.0%) 1 (6.7%) 1.000
Antihypertensives 8 (80.0%) 4 (26.7%) 0.015
　RAS inhibitor 4 (40.0%) 4 (26.7%) 0.667
　Ca antagonist 3 (30.0%) 4 (26.7%) 1.000
　β-Blocker 1 (10.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0.400
Pathology 0.353
　Ta 3 (30.0%) 8 (53.3%)
　T1 3 (30.0%) 4 (26.7%)
　CIS 2 (20.0%) 3 (20.0%)
　Others 2 (20.0%) 0 (0.0%)
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