Figure and Table | Association between Recommendations from Public Health Nurses, Medical Professionals, and Family Members and Participation in Health Checkups among Middle-aged Community Residents with National Health Insurance

Table 1. Differences in Study Variables between the Participation and Nonparticipation Groups.

From: Association between Recommendations from Public Health Nurses, Medical Professionals, and Family Members and Participation in Health Checkups among Middle-aged Community Residents with National Health Insurance

Factors	Participation group	Nonparticipation group	p-value
n	4,384	6,796
Age (years)	55.3 (6.8)	54.2 (6.7)	<0.001
Men, %	37.4	41.8	<0.001
Education level: ≤12 years, %	47.8	53.6	<0.001
Subjective economic status, %			<0.001
Very good and good	25.7	17.6
Average	23.9	21.7
Poor and very poor	50.4	60.6
Living with someone: yes, %	86.6	85.4	0.093
Occupation, %			<0.001
Self-employed workers, part-time workers, and farmers	65.2	64.0
Homemakers	19.1	15.1
Unemployed/retired	15.6	20.9
Stages of health behavior change, %			<0.001
Precontemplation	22.7	27.9
Contemplation/preparation	45.7	46.0
Action/maintenance	31.7	26.0
Drinking status: regular drinkers, %	24.9	24.0	0.240
Smoking status, %			<0.001
Current smokers	17.4	24.4
Ex-smokers	21.9	20.8
Nonsmokers	60.7	54.8
Body mass index: ≥25.0 kg/m², %	24.2	30.1	<0.001
Regular visits to medical institutions: presence, %	73.4	63.2	<0.001
Number of visits to medical institutions (times/year)	6.0 (2.0, 12.0)	4.0 (1.0, 12.0)	<0.001

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Table 2. Multivariable-adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Participation in Specific Health Checkups by Recommendation from Public Health Nurses, Primary Care Physicians, Nurses, and Family Members among Middle-aged Community Residents with National Health Insurance.

From: Association between Recommendations from Public Health Nurses, Medical Professionals, and Family Members and Participation in Health Checkups among Middle-aged Community Residents with National Health Insurance

Recommendation from public health nurses, medical professionals, and family members to participate in specific health checkups in the past year	Comparison	Proportions of those in the participation group, % (case/n)	Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) for participation in specific health checkups	Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for participation in specific health checkups
	Comparison	Proportions of those in the participation group, % (case/n)		Model 1^*	Model 2
Municipality
Public health nurses	Absence	38.6 (4,160/10,782)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	56.3 (224/398)	2.00 (1.63-2.45)	2.02 (1.65-2.49)	1.81 (1.47-2.24)^**
		p <0.001
Medical institution
Primary care physicians	Absence	35.2 (3,359/9,553)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	63.0 (1,025/1,627)	3.02 (2.71-3.37)	2.91 (2.60-3.26)	2.79 (2.49-3.13)^***
		p <0.001
Nurses	Absence	38.8 (4,241/10,938)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	59.1 (143/242)	2.29 (1.77-2.97)	2.29 (1.75-2.98)	2.06 (1.57-2.69)^***
		p < 0.001
Home
Family members	Absence	37.2 (2,604/7,002)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	42.6 (1,780/4,178)	1.30 (1.20-1.41)	1.32 (1.22-1.43)	1.22 (1.12-1.32)^****
		p <0.001

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Table 3. Multivariable-adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Participation in Specific Health Checkups by Recommendations from Public Health Nurses, Primary Care Physicians, Nurses, and Family Members among Middle-aged Community Residents with National Health Insurance: Stratified Analysis of Health Behavior Change Stages.

From: Association between Recommendations from Public Health Nurses, Medical Professionals, and Family Members and Participation in Health Checkups among Middle-aged Community Residents with National Health Insurance

Recommendation from public health nurses, medical professionals, and family members to participate in specific health checkups in the past year	Comparison	Proportions of those in the participation group, % (case/n)	Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) for participation in specific health checkups	Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for participation in specific health checkups
	Comparison	Proportions of those in the participation group, % (case/n)		Model 1^*	Model 2
Community residents in the precontemplation stage (n = 2,892)
Public health nurses	Absence	33.9 (957/2,823)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	53.6 (37/69)	2.19 (1.35-3.54)	2.16 (1.32-3.54)	2.07 (1.26-3.41)^**
Primary care physicians	Absence	31.3 (815/2,603)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	61.9 (179/289)	3.44 (2.67-4.43)	3.29 (2.53-4.27)	3.19 (2.45-4.15)^***
Nurses	Absence	34.3 (980/2,860)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	43.8 (14/32)	1.52 (0.75-3.08)	1.59 (0.77-3.30)	1.47 (0.71-3.04)^***
Family members	Absence	32.5 (624/1,919)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	38.0 (370/973)	1.32 (1.13-1.56)	1.34 (1.14-1.59)	1.27 (1.07-1.51)^****
Community residents in the contemplation and preparation stages (n = 5,131)
Public health nurses	Absence	38.5 (1,899/4,935)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	52.6 (103/196)	1.71 (1.28-2.28)	1.80 (1.34-2.41)	1.55 (1.15-2.10)^**
Primary care physicians	Absence	34.6 (1,491/4,309)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	62.2 (511/822)	2.96 (2.53-3.46)	2.89 (2.46-3.39)	2.79 (2.37-3.28)^***
Nurses	Absence	38.5 (1,934/5,017)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	59.6 (68/114)	2.37 (1.62-3.47)	2.44 (1.66-3.59)	2.22 (1.51-3.28)^***
Family members	Absence	37.5 (1,139/3,038)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	41.2 (863/2,093)	1.21 (1.08-1.36)	1.25 (1.11-1.40)	1.15 (1.02-1.30)^****
Community residents in the action and maintenance stages (n = 3,157)
Public health nurses	Absence	43.1 (1,304/3,024)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	63.2 (84/133)	2.24 (1.56-3.21)	2.30 (1.60-3.31)	2.11 (1.45-3.07)^**
Primary care physicians	Absence	39.9 (1,053/2,641)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	64.9 (335/516)	2.72 (2.24-3.32)	2.75 (2.25-3.37)	2.59 (2.11-3.18)^***
Nurses	Absence	43.4 (1,327/3,061)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	63.5 (61/96)	2.28 (1.49-3.48)	2.43 (1.58-3.74)	2.14 (1.38-3.32)^***
Family members	Absence	41.1 (841/2,045)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	49.2 (547/1,112)	1.43 (1.23-1.66)	1.43 (1.23-1.66)	1.29 (1.10-1.50)^****

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Table 4. Multivariable-adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Participation in Specific Health Checkups by Recommendations from Public Health Nurses, Primary Care Physicians, Nurses, and Family Members among Middle-aged Community Residents with National Health Insurance: Stratified Analysis by Regular Visits to Medical Institutions.

From: Association between Recommendations from Public Health Nurses, Medical Professionals, and Family Members and Participation in Health Checkups among Middle-aged Community Residents with National Health Insurance

Recommendation from public health nurses, medical professionals, and family members to participate in specific health checkups in the past year	Comparison	Proportions of those in the participation group, % (case/n)	Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) for participation in specific health checkups	Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) for participation in specific health checkups
	Comparison	Proportions of those in the participation group, % (case/n)		Model 1^*	Model 2
Community residents with regular visits to medical institutions (n = 7,509)
Public health nurses	Absence	42.3 (3,057/7,231)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	57.6 (160/278)	1.81 (1.42-2.31)	1.83 (1.43-2.34)	1.63 (1.26-2.09)^**
Primary care physicians	Absence	37.8 (2,303/6,093)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	64.5 (914/1,416)	2.92 (2.58-3.29)	3.02 (2.67-3.42)	2.92 (2.58-3.31)^***
Nurses	Absence	42.3 (3,092/7,308)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	62.2 (125/201)	2.28 (1.71-3.05)	2.44 (1.82-3.27)	2.22 (1.65-2.99)^***
Family members	Absence	40.6 (1,980/4,876)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	47.0 (1,237/2,633)	1.34 (1.22-1.47)	1.32 (1.20-1.45)	1.19 (1.08-1.32)^****
Community residents with irregular visits to medical institutions (n = 3,671)
Public health nurses	Absence	31.1 (1,103/3,551)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	53.3 (64/120)	2.49 (1.73-3.59)	2.54 (1.75-3.70)	2.34 (1.60-3.43)^**
Primary care physicians^†	Absence	37.6 (789/2,101)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	58.8 (104/177)	2.31 (1.69-3.16)	2.31 (1.68-3.18)	2.11 (1.53-2.91)^***
Nurses^†	Absence	39.0 (877/2,251)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	59.3 (16/27)	2.26 (1.04-4.90)	2.40 (1.09-5.29)	2.22 (1.002-4.93)^***
Family members	Absence	29.4 (624/2,126)	1.0	1.0	1.0
	Presence	35.1 (543/1,545)	1.33 (1.16-1.53)	1.34 (1.16-1.55)	1.28 (1.11-1.49)^****

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Table 5. Proportions of Those Who Received Recommendations from Public Health Nurses, Medical Professionals, and Family Members and Those Who Had Needs for Recommendations.

From: Association between Recommendations from Public Health Nurses, Medical Professionals, and Family Members and Participation in Health Checkups among Middle-aged Community Residents with National Health Insurance

	Proportions of those who received recommendations from public health nurses, medical professionals, and family members in the past year^*	Proportions of those who had needs for recommendations from public health nurses, medical professionals, and family members^†
n	11,180	11,180
Public health nurses, n (%)	398 (3.6)	1,425 (12.7)
Primary care physicians, n (%)	1,627 (14.6)	7,311 (65.4)
Nurses, n (%)	242 (2.2)	2,106 (18.8)
Family members, n (%)	4,178 (37.4)	6,012 (53.8)

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