Total | Fukushima RC | Other 14 RCs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 101,729 | n = 12,958 | n = 88,771 | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Maternal age at delivery | ≤24 | 10174 | 10.0 | 1595 | 12.3 | 8579 | 9.7 |
25-34 | 63846 | 62.8 | 8349 | 64.4 | 55497 | 62.5 | |
≥35 | 27684 | 27.2 | 3012 | 23.2 | 24672 | 27.8 | |
No answer | 25 | 0.02 | 2 | 0.02 | 23 | 0.03 | |
Maternal BMI (kg/m2) before pregnancy |
<18.5 | 16419 | 16.1 | 1884 | 14.5 | 14535 | 16.4 |
18.5≤-<25.0 | 74104 | 72.8 | 9411 | 72.6 | 64693 | 72.9 | |
≥25.0 | 10965 | 10.8 | 1653 | 12.8 | 9312 | 10.5 | |
No answer | 241 | 0.2 | 10 | 0.1 | 231 | 0.3 | |
Infertility treatment | No | 94121 | 92.5 | 12262 | 94.6 | 81859 | 92.2 |
Yes | 7007 | 6.9 | 690 | 5.3 | 6317 | 7.1 | |
No answer | 601 | 0.6 | 6 | 0.1 | 595 | 0.7 | |
Multiple pregnancy | No | 99741 | 98.1 | 12707 | 98.1 | 87034 | 98.0 |
Yes | 1988 | 2.0 | 251 | 1.9 | 1737 | 2.0 | |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy |
No | 94241 | 92.6 | 12270 | 94.7 | 81971 | 92.3 |
Yes | 4765 | 4.7 | 557 | 4.3 | 4208 | 4.7 | |
No answer | 2723 | 2.7 | 131 | 1.0 | 2592 | 2.9 | |
Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy |
No | 89443 | 87.9 | 11551 | 89.1 | 77892 | 87.7 |
Yes | 9848 | 9.7 | 1284 | 9.9 | 8564 | 9.7 | |
No answer | 2438 | 2.4 | 123 | 1.0 | 2315 | 2.6 | |
Pregnancy complication | No | 84309 | 82.9 | 11698 | 90.3 | 72611 | 81.8 |
Yes | 15140 | 14.9 | 1138 | 8.8 | 14002 | 15.8 | |
No answer | 2280 | 2.2 | 122 | 0.9 | 2158 | 2.4 | |
Maternal infection | No | 98811 | 97.1 | 12740 | 98.3 | 86071 | 97.0 |
Yes | 2918 | 2.9 | 218 | 1.7 | 2700 | 3.0 | |
Birth | Live birth | 100054 | 98.4 | 12803 | 98.8 | 87251 | 98.3 |
Stillbirth | 382 | 0.4 | 70 | 0.5 | 312 | 0.4 | |
Spontaneous abortion or induced abortion | 1254 | 1.2 | 85 | 0.7 | 1169 | 1.3 | |
No answer | 39 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.00 | 39 | 0.04 | |
Sex of infants | Boy | 51711 | 50.8 | 6674 | 51.5 | 45037 | 50.7 |
Girl | 49033 | 48.2 | 6234 | 48.1 | 42799 | 48.2 | |
Unknown | 535 | 0.5 | 39 | 0.3 | 496 | 0.6 | |
No answer | 450 | 0.4 | 11 | 0.1 | 439 | 0.5 |
Total | Fukushima RC | Other 14RCs | Chi-square test | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | per 10,000 | n | per 10,000 | n | per 10,000 | p | ||
101,729 | 12,958 | 88,771 | ||||||
Major anomalies | 2995 | 294.4 | 324 | 250.0 | 2671 | 300.9 | 0.001 | |
Central nervous system | 312 | 30.7 | 37 | 28.6 | 275 | 31.0 | 0.64 | |
Neural tube defect | 88 | 8.7 | 8 | 6.2 | 80 | 9.0 | 0.30 | |
Anencephaly | 32 | 3.1 | 2 | 1.5 | 30 | 3.4 | 0.42 | |
Encephalocele | 22 | 2.2 | 3 | 2.3 | 19 | 2.1 | 0.75 | |
Myelomeningocele/Spina bifida | 36 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.1 | 32 | 3.6 | 1.00 | |
Hydrocephaly | 89 | 8.7 | 10 | 7.7 | 79 | 8.9 | 0.67 | |
Microcephaly | 38 | 3.7 | 2 | 1.5 | 36 | 4.1 | 0.22 | |
Holoprosencephaly | 43 | 4.2 | 5 | 3.9 | 38 | 4.3 | 0.83 | |
Craniotabes | 69 | 6.8 | 13 | 10.0 | 56 | 6.3 | 0.13 | |
Agenesis of corpus callosum | 23 | 2.3 | 1 | 0.8 | 22 | 2.5 | 0.35 | |
Eye | 50 | 4.9 | 10 | 7.7 | 40 | 4.5 | 0.12 | |
Anophthalmos/microphthalmos | 22 | 2.2 | 2 | 1.5 | 20 | 2.3 | 1.00 | |
Congenital cataract | 30 | 2.9 | 9 | 6.9 | 21 | 2.4 | 0.01 | |
Ear | 71 | 7.0 | 11 | 8.5 | 60 | 6.8 | 0.49 | |
Congenital aural atresia | 40 | 3.9 | 6 | 4.6 | 34 | 3.8 | 0.67 | |
Cryptotia | 33 | 3.2 | 6 | 4.6 | 27 | 3.0 | 0.30 | |
Oro-facial cleft | 253 | 24.9 | 32 | 24.7 | 221 | 24.9 | 0.97 | |
Cleft palate | 54 | 5.3 | 7 | 5.4 | 47 | 5.3 | 0.96 | |
Cleft lip with or without palate | 198 | 19.5 | 26 | 20.1 | 172 | 19.4 | 0.83 | |
Facial cleft | 9 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 9 | 1.0 | 0.61 | |
Respiratory system | 52 | 5.1 | 7 | 5.4 | 45 | 5.1 | 0.88 | |
Intralobar sequestration | 5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.8 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.49 | |
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation |
15 | 1.5 | 3 | 2.3 | 12 | 1.4 | 0.43 | |
Pulmonary hypoplasia | 34 | 3.3 | 4 | 3.1 | 30 | 3.4 | 1.00 | |
Congenital heart disease | 1230 | 120.9 | 110 | 84.9 | 1120 | 126.2 | <.0001 | |
Cardiac arrhythmia | 106 | 10.4 | 7 | 5.4 | 99 | 11.2 | 0.06 | |
Abdominal wall defects | 261 | 25.7 | 17 | 13.1 | 244 | 27.5 | 0.003 | |
Omphalocele | 243 | 23.9 | 13 | 10.0 | 230 | 25.9 | 0.001 | |
Gastroschisis | 21 | 2.1 | 4 | 3.1 | 17 | 1.9 | 0.33 | |
Digestive system | 140 | 13.8 | 20 | 15.4 | 120 | 13.5 | 0.58 | |
Esophageal atresia with or without fistula |
23 | 2.3 | 6 | 4.6 | 17 | 1.9 | 0.06 | |
Duodenal atresia/stenosis | 19 | 1.9 | 2 | 1.5 | 17 | 1.9 | 1.00 | |
Intestinal atresia/stenosis | 18 | 1.8 | 3 | 2.3 | 15 | 1.7 | 0.49 | |
Anorectal atresia/stenosis | 46 | 4.5 | 7 | 5.4 | 39 | 4.4 | 0.61 | |
Diaphragmatic hernia | 43 | 4.2 | 3 | 2.3 | 40 | 4.5 | 0.26 | |
Urinary system | 265 | 26.0 | 32 | 24.7 | 233 | 26.2 | 0.75 | |
Congenital hydronephrosis | 217 | 21.3 | 26 | 20.1 | 191 | 21.5 | 0.74 | |
Cystic kidney | 37 | 3.6 | 4 | 3.1 | 33 | 3.7 | 1.00 | |
Renal agenesis | 13 | 1.3 | 2 | 1.5 | 11 | 1.2 | 0.68 | |
Bladder exstrophy | 3 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.8 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.34 | |
Genital system | 73 | 7.2 | 4 | 3.1 | 69 | 7.8 | 0.06 | |
Hypospadias | 66 | 6.5 | 4 | 3.1 | 62 | 7.0 | 0.10 | |
Indeterminate sex | 9 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.8 | 8 | 0.9 | 1.00 | |
Limb | 273 | 26.8 | 50 | 38.6 | 223 | 25.1 | 0.01 | |
Polydactyly | 184 | 18.1 | 39 | 30.1 | 145 | 16.3 | 0.001 | |
Polydactyly of fingers | 111 | 10.9 | 19 | 14.7 | 92 | 10.4 | 0.17 | |
Polydactyly of toes | 89 | 8.7 | 23 | 17.7 | 66 | 7.4 | 0.0002 | |
Syndactyly | 135 | 13.3 | 24 | 18.5 | 111 | 12.5 | 0.08 | |
Syndactyly of fingers | 47 | 4.6 | 10 | 7.7 | 37 | 4.2 | 0.08 | |
Syndactyly of toes | 104 | 10.2 | 16 | 12.3 | 88 | 9.9 | 0.42 | |
Cleft hand or foot | 10 | 1.0 | 2 | 1.5 | 8 | 0.9 | 0.37 | |
Cleft hand | 5 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.8 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.49 | |
Cleft foot | 7 | 0.7 | 2 | 1.5 | 5 | 0.6 | 0.22 | |
Skeletal dysplasia | 12 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 12 | 1.4 | 0.38 | |
Thanatophoric dysplasia | 6 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 0.7 | 1.00 | |
Acrodysostosis, not specificied | 6 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 0.7 | 1.00 | |
Chromosomal | 208 | 20.4 | 22 | 17.0 | 186 | 21.0 | 0.35 | |
Down syndrome | 153 | 15.0 | 14 | 10.8 | 139 | 15.7 | 0.18 | |
Trisomy 18 | 45 | 4.4 | 6 | 4.6 | 39 | 4.4 | 0.90 | |
Trisomy 13 | 8 | 0.8 | 2 | 1.5 | 6 | 0.7 | 0.27 | |
Turner syndrome | 6 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.8 | 5 | 0.6 | 0.56 | |
Others | ||||||||
Ablepharon | 13 | 1.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 13 | 1.5 | 0.39 | |
Epidermolysis bullosa | 15 | 1.5 | 2 | 1.5 | 13 | 1.5 | 1.00 | |
Developmental dysplasia of the hip | 14 | 1.4 | 3 | 2.3 | 11 | 1.2 | 0.41 | |
Congenital multiple arthrogryposis | 8 | 0.8 | 2 | 1.5 | 6 | 0.7 | 0.27 | |
Floppy infant | 16 | 1.6 | 2 | 1.5 | 14 | 1.6 | 1.00 | |
Conjoined twins | 4 | 0.4 | 1 | 0.8 | 3 | 0.3 | 0.42 | |
Amniotic band constriction | 9 | 0.9 | 4 | 3.1 | 5 | 0.6 | 0.02 | |
Minor anomalies | ||||||||
Microtia | 40 | 3.9 | 1 | 0.8 | 39 | 4.4 | 0.052 | |
Low set ears | 93 | 9.1 | 8 | 6.2 | 85 | 9.6 | 0.23 | |
Natal teeth | 64 | 6.3 | 9 | 6.9 | 55 | 6.2 | 0.75 | |
Inguinal hernia | 112 | 11.0 | 11 | 8.5 | 101 | 11.4 | 0.35 | |
Undescended testis/cryptorchidism | 307 | 30.2 | 25 | 19.3 | 282 | 31.8 | 0.02 | |
Enlarged clitoris | 12 | 1.2 | 2 | 1.5 | 10 | 1.1 | 0.66 | |
Abnormal Vaginal Opening | 3 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 0.3 | 1.00 | |
Hemangioma | 756 | 74.3 | 80 | 61.7 | 676 | 76.2 | 0.07 |
COR | 95%CI | p | AOR | 95%CI | p | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Major anomalies |
0.827 | 0.736 | - | 0.929 | 0.001 | 0.852 | 0.757 | - | 0.958 | 0.01 | ||
Central nervous system | 0.922 | 0.653 | - | 1.299 | 0.64 | 0.974 | 0.689 | - | 1.377 | 0.88 | ||
Neural tube defect | 0.685 | 0.331 | - | 1.417 | 0.31 | 0.709 | 0.341 | - | 1.472 | 0.36 | ||
Anencephaly | 0.457 | 0.109 | - | 1.911 | 0.28 | 0.475 | 0.113 | - | 1.997 | 0.31 | ||
Encephalocele | 1.082 | 0.320 | - | 3.656 | 0.90 | - | ||||||
Myelomeningocele/Spina bifida | 0.856 | 0.303 | - | 2.422 | 0.77 | 0.864 | 0.303 | - | 2.461 | 0.78 | ||
Hydrocephaly | 0.867 | 0.449 | - | 1.674 | 0.67 | 0.966 | 0.498 | - | 1.876 | 0.92 | ||
Microcephaly | 0.381 | 0.092 | - | 1.581 | 0.18 | - | ||||||
Holoprosencephaly | 0.901 | 0.355 | - | 2.290 | 0.83 | - | ||||||
Craniotabes | 1.591 | 0.870 | - | 2.910 | 0.13 | - | ||||||
Agenesis of corpus callosum | 0.311 | 0.042 | - | 2.310 | 0.25 | - | ||||||
Eye | 1.713 | 0.857 | - | 3.427 | 0.13 | - | ||||||
Anophthalmos/microphthalmos | 0.685 | 0.160 | - | 2.931 | 0.61 | - | ||||||
Congenital cataract | 2.937 | 1.345 | - | 6.415 | 0.01 | - | ||||||
Ear | 1.256 | 0.660 | - | 2.390 | 0.49 | - | ||||||
Congenital aural atresia | 1.209 | 0.508 | - | 2.881 | 0.67 | - | ||||||
Cryptotia | 1.523 | 0.629 | - | 3.689 | 0.35 | - | ||||||
Oro-facial cleft | 0.992 | 0.684 | - | 1.438 | 0.97 | 0.997 | 0.686 | - | 1.448 | 0.99 | ||
Cleft palate | 1.020 | 0.461 | - | 2.258 | 0.96 | - | ||||||
Cleft lip with or without palate | 1.036 | 0.686 | - | 1.566 | 0.87 | 1.051 | 0.693 | - | 1.592 | 0.82 | ||
Facial cleft | <0.001 | <0.001 | - | >999.999 | 0.96 | - | ||||||
Respiratory system | 1.066 | 0.481 | - | 2.364 | 0.88 | 1.037 | 0.465 | - | 2.312 | 0.93 | ||
Intralobar sequestration | 1.713 | 0.191 | - | 15.325 | 0.63 | - | ||||||
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation | 1.713 | 0.483 | - | 6.071 | 0.40 | - | ||||||
Pulmonary hypoplasia | 0.913 | 0.322 | - | 2.593 | 0.86 | - | ||||||
Congenital heart disease | 0.670 | 0.550 | - | 0.816 | <.0001 | 0.693 | 0.569 | - | 0.845 | 0.0003 | ||
Cardiac arrhythmia | 0.484 | 0.225 | - | 1.042 | 0.06 | 0.494 | 0.229 | - | 1.067 | 0.07 | ||
Abdominal wall defects | 0.477 | 0.291 | - | 0.780 | 0.003 | 0.500 | 0.305 | - | 0.819 | 0.01 | ||
Omphalocele | 0.387 | 0.221 | - | 0.677 | 0.001 | 0.404 | 0.231 | - | 0.708 | 0.002 | ||
Gastroschisis | 1.612 | 0.542 | - | 4.792 | 0.39 | - | ||||||
Digestive system | 1.142 | 0.711 | - | 1.834 | 0.58 | 1.197 | 0.743 | - | 1.929 | 0.46 | ||
Esophageal atresia with or without fistula | 2.419 | 0.953 | - | 6.135 | 0.06 | - | ||||||
Duodenal atresia/stenosis | 0.806 | 0.186 | - | 3.489 | 0.77 | - | ||||||
Intestinal atresia/stenosis | 1.370 | 0.397 | - | 4.734 | 0.62 | - | ||||||
Anorectal atresia/stenosis | 1.230 | 0.550 | - | 2.750 | 0.61 | - | ||||||
Diaphragmatic hernia | 0.514 | 0.159 | - | 1.661 | 0.27 | - | ||||||
Urinary system | 0.941 | 0.650 | - | 1.362 | 0.75 | 0.966 | 0.665 | - | 1.401 | 0.85 | ||
Congenital hydronephrosis | 0.932 | 0.619 | - | 1.405 | 0.74 | 0.965 | 0.639 | - | 1.458 | 0.87 | ||
Cystic kidney | 0.830 | 0.294 | - | 2.344 | 0.73 | - | ||||||
Renal agenesis | 1.246 | 0.276 | - | 5.621 | 0.77 | - | ||||||
Bladder exstrophy | 3.426 | 0.311 | - | 37.781 | 0.31 | - | ||||||
Genital system | 0.397 | 0.145 | - | 1.088 | 0.07 | 0.419 | 0.153 | - | 1.153 | 0.09 | ||
Hypospadias | 0.442 | 0.161 | - | 1.215 | 0.11 | - | ||||||
Indeterminate sex | 0.856 | 0.107 | - | 6.847 | 0.88 | - | ||||||
Limb | 1.538 | 1.131 | - | 2.091 | 0.01 | 1.510 | 1.108 | - | 2.057 | 0.01 | ||
Polydactyly | 1.845 | 1.295 | - | 2.629 | 0.001 | 1.826 | 1.277 | - | 2.609 | 0.001 | ||
Polydactyly of fingers | 1.415 | 0.863 | - | 2.320 | 0.17 | - | ||||||
Polydactyly of toes | 2.390 | 1.486 | - | 3.843 | 0.0003 | - | ||||||
Syndactyly | 1.482 | 0.953 | - | 2.305 | 0.08 | 1.456 | 0.934 | - | 2.271 | 0.10 | ||
Syndactyly of fingers | 1.852 | 0.921 | - | 3.726 | 0.08 | - | ||||||
Syndactyly of toes | 1.246 | 0.731 | - | 2.123 | 0.42 | 1.239 | 0.724 | - | 2.118 | 0.43 | ||
Cleft hand or foot | 1.713 | 0.364 | - | 8.067 | 0.50 | - | ||||||
Cleft hand | 1.713 | 0.191 | - | 15.325 | 0.63 | - | ||||||
Cleft foot | 2.741 | 0.532 | - | 14.127 | 0.23 | - | ||||||
Skeletal dysplasia | <0.001 | <0.001 | - | >999.999 | 0.97 | - | ||||||
Thanatophoric dysplasia | <0.001 | <0.001 | - | >999.999 | 0.97 | - | ||||||
Acrodysostosis, not specificied | <0.001 | <0.001 | - | >999.999 | 0.97 | - | ||||||
Chromosomal | 0.810 | 0.521 | - | 1.261 | 0.35 | 0.896 | 0.574 | - | 1.398 | 0.63 | ||
Down syndrome | 0.690 | 0.398 | - | 1.195 | 0.19 | 0.773 | 0.444 | - | 1.343 | 0.36 | ||
Trisomy 18 | 1.054 | 0.446 | - | 2.490 | 0.90 | 1.158 | 0.487 | - | 2.753 | 0.74 | ||
Trisomy 13 | 2.284 | 0.461 | - | 11.316 | 0.31 | - | ||||||
Turner syndrome | 1.371 | 0.160 | - | 11.730 | 0.77 | - | ||||||
Other | ||||||||||||
Ablepharon | <0.001 | <0.001 | - | >999.999 | 0.97 | - | ||||||
Epidermolysis bullosa | 1.054 | 0.238 | - | 4.671 | 0.94 | - | ||||||
Developmental dysplasia of the hip | 1.869 | 0.521 | - | 6.699 | 0.34 | - | ||||||
Congenital multiple arthrogryposis | 2.284 | 0.461 | - | 11.316 | 0.31 | - | ||||||
Floppy infant | 0.979 | 0.222 | - | 4.307 | 0.98 | - | ||||||
Conjoined twins | 2.284 | 0.238 | - | 21.956 | 0.47 | - | ||||||
Amniotic band constriction | 5.482 | 1.472 | - | 20.417 | 0.01 | - | ||||||
Minor anomalies | ||||||||||||
Microtia | 0.176 | 0.024 | - | 1.278 | 0.09 | 0.175 | 0.024 | - | 1.275 | 0.09 | ||
Low set ears | 0.645 | 0.312 | - | 1.331 | 0.24 | 0.705 | 0.340 | - | 1.461 | 0.35 | ||
Natal teeth | 1.121 | 0.554 | - | 2.269 | 0.75 | 1.120 | 0.550 | - | 2.277 | 0.76 | ||
Inguinal hernia | 0.746 | 0.400 | - | 1.391 | 0.36 | 0.777 | 0.416 | - | 1.452 | 0.43 | ||
Undescended testis/cryptorchidism | 0.607 | 0.403 | - | 0.913 | 0.02 | 0.617 | 0.409 | - | 0.930 | 0.02 | ||
Enlarged clitoris | 1.371 | 0.301 | - | 6.256 | 0.68 | - | ||||||
Abnormal Vaginal Opening | <0.001 | <0.001 | - | >999.999 | 0.97 | - | ||||||
Hemangioma | 0.810 | 0.642 | - | 1.022 | 0.08 | - |