Figure and Table | The Pathogenetic Mechanism for Moyamoya Vasculopathy Including a Possible Trigger Effect of Increased Flow Velocity

Table 1. Increased Flow Velocity in Moyamoya Syndrome, Predominant Conditions for Moyamoya Disease (MMD), and Non-Involved Arteries of MMD.

	Artery	Flow velocity	Cause	Reference
Sickle cell disease	MCA	>200 cm/sec is a risk factor for stroke	Anemia	20, 21
Down syndrome	MCA	Significantly higher than controls	Anemia, apnea?	27
Graves’ disease	Ophthalmic A	Significantly higher than controls	Hormonal	34, 35
Irradiation	MCA	Significantly higher than controls	Inflammation?	36
Meningitis	MCA	>150 cm/sec is a risk factor for stroke	Inflammation?	39
Females	MCA	Significantly higher than males	Original	44, 45
Children	MCA	Higher than other ages*	Original	49, 50
Young/middle-aged adults	MCA	Higher than older adults under a sympathetic stimulation	Original	51
Anterior circulation	MCA	Higher than PCA*	Original	50, 53
MMD	Non-involved A	Significantly higher than controls	Idiopathic	59