From: COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Health Ethics in Japan
| Political Philosophy | Basic Value | Policy Features |
|---|---|---|
| Utilitarianism | Welfare | Consequentialist, maximum happiness of the greatest number |
| Liberal egalitarianism | Equality Reduction of disparities |
Redistribution of goods |
| Libertarianism | Individual freedom Proprietary right |
Small government |
| Communitarianism | Common good | Emphasis on community cohesion |
