From: Tohoku Medical Megabank Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study: Rationale, Design, and Background
| Sequence (Data type) | Measured property and commentary | Sequence parameters | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative images (number of participants) | Acquisition & slice | TR (ms) | TE (ms) | Inversion time (ms) | SENSE: AP RL |
b-value (s/mm2) | FOV (mm) | Matrix | Slice thickness (mm) | FA (degrees) | Acquisition time (s) | ||
| T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) (29) | Brain structures obtained by magnetization prepared-rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) | 12,164 | 3D Sagittal |
11 | 5.2 | 1068.3 | 2 2.5 |
N/A | 256 | 368 × 368 | 0.7 | 8 | 319 |
| Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) (30) | Brain vascular structure | 12,050 | 3D Axial |
25 | 3.5 | 0 | 1(FH) 3 |
N/A | 200 | 384 × 249 | 1.1 | 18 | 247 |
| Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (31) | Interaction or connection of white matter fascicles in the brain | 10,443 | 2D Axial |
7173 | 83 | 0 | 2.5 N/A |
800 (32)2 |
224 | 112 × 112 | 2 | 90 | 318 |
| Pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeling (pCASL)(32) | Cerebral blood flow1 | 10,461 | 2D Axial |
4023 | 11 | 0 | 2.1 N/A |
N/A | 240 | 64 × 64 | 7/1 | 90 | 247 |
| Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (33) | White matter lesions (collected in those aged >50 years only) | 2,428 | 3D Sagittal |
4800 | 276 | 1650 | 3 3.2 |
N/A | 256 | 212 × 212 | 1.2 | 90 | 264 |
From: Tohoku Medical Megabank Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study: Rationale, Design, and Background
| Sequence (Data type) | Measured property and commentary | Sequence parameters | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acquisition & slice | TR (ms) | TE (ms) | Inversion time (ms) | SENSE: AP RL |
b-value (s/mm2) | FOV (mm) | Matrix | Slice thickness (mm) | FA (degrees) | Acquisition time (s) | ||
| T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) (29) | Brain structures obtained by magnetization prepared-rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) | 3D Sagittal |
11 | 5.2 | 1068.3 | 2 2.5 |
N/A | 256 | 368 × 368 | 0.7 | 8 | 319 |
| Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) (30) | Brain vascular structure | 3D Axial |
25 | 3.5 | 0 | 1(FH) 3 |
N/A | 200 | 384 × 249 | 1.1 | 18 | 247 |
| Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) (31) | Interaction or connection of white matter fascicles in the brain | 2D Axial |
7173 | 83 | 0 | 2.5 N/A |
800 | 224 | 112 × 112 | 2 | 90 | 318 |
| Pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeling (pCASL) (32) | Cerebral blood flow1, | 2D Axial |
4148 | 11 | 0 | 2.1 N/A |
N/A | 240 | 64 × 64 | 7/1 | 90 | 247 |
| Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) (33) | White matter lesions | 3D Sagittal |
4800 | 276 | 1650 | 3 3.2 |
N/A | 256 | 212 × 212 | 1.2 | 90 | 264 |
| Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) (35) | Microstructure of neurites (i.e., axons and dendrites) | 2D Axial |
7278 | 111 | N/A | 3 N/A |
711 (30)2 2855 (60)2 |
230 | 112 × 109 | 2.5 | 90 | 944 |
| Resting state-functional-MR imaging (Rs-fMRI): Protocol 1 (36) | Functional connectivity | 2D Axial |
3000 | 30 | N/A | 3 N/A |
N/A | 224 | 76 × 73 | 3 | 90 | 372 |
| Rs-fMRI: Protocol 2 (37) | Functional connectivity | 2D Axial |
2500 | 30 | N/A | N/A N/A |
N/A | 212 | 64 × 63 | 3.2 | 80 | 612 |
| T2-weighted imaging | White matter lesions | 2D Axial |
4134 | 100 | N/A | N/A 2 |
N/A | 230 × 221 | 384 × 269 | 5/1 | 90 | 157 |
| T2*-weighted imaging (38) | Cerebral microbleeds | 2D Axial |
664 | 18 | N/A | N/A 2 |
N/A | 230 × 217 | 304 × 229 | 5/1 | 18 | 78 |
| Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) (38) | Cerebral microbleeds | 3D Axial |
31 | 7.2 | N/A | (FH) 1.5 3 |
N/A | 230 × 189 | 384 × 316 | 2 | 17 | 181 |
From: Tohoku Medical Megabank Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study: Rationale, Design, and Background
| Data acquisition method | Instrument name* | Measured phenomena | Number of items/subscales, if applicable | Number of participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Questionnaire | TAC24 (39) (Tri-axial Coping Scale) | This scale measures coping, defined as “an ever-changing cognitive-behavioral effort made to meet specific external and internal demands that are burdensome or have been rated as exceeding all personal resources,” by assessing participants’ thoughts, behaviors, and strategies for dealing with mentally difficult situations. | 24 items/8 subscales | 12,156 |
| DASS-15 (40) (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales) | A scale that measures symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress over the past week. | 15 items/3 subscales | 12,156 | |
| POMS (41) (Profile of Mood States) | This scale measures six different dimensions of mood swings (tension or anxiety, anger or hostility, vigor or activity, fatigue or inertia, depression or dejection, and confusion or bewilderment) over a period. | 30 items/6 subscales | 12,144 | |
| IES-R-J (42), (43) (Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Japanese) | The IES-R is a self-report measure that assesses subjective distress caused by traumatic events. The items directly correspond to 14 of the 17 symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). The IES-R contains seven additional items related to the hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD. Respondents are asked to identify a specific stressful life event (i.e., the Great East Japan Earthquake) and then indicate how much they were distressed or bothered by the difficulty listed during the past 7 days. | 22 items/3 subscales | 12,153 | |
| Interview | MMSE-J (56), (57) (Mini-Mental State Examination, Japanese version) | An assessment of cognitive function that evaluates attention and orientation, memory, registration, recall, calculation, language, and ability to draw a complex polygon. | 11 items | 3,610 |
From: Tohoku Medical Megabank Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study: Rationale, Design, and Background
| Study | MRI Data | Non-MRI Data | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main purpose of brain MRI acquisition | MRI acquisition context | (Approximate) number scanned | Location/sites | Frequency/interval/maximum duration | Age range (years) | Ethnic diversity | Lifestyle/health history, PE, lab tests | Genetics | Other Brain imaging measures and relevant nonbrain imaging measures | Psychological profiling | Cognitive profiling | Linked medical records | |
| TMM Brain MRI Study (this study) | To determine relations to dementia and other neuropsychological disorders; to support genetic and biomarker research | Addon study | 12,000 | Japan (one prefecture1, one center) | Longitudinal, Almost 5-year intervals | 20-85 | >99% Japanese | Yes2 | Array (all); WGS (underway) | Retinal imaging, blood samples | Yes | Yes (older adults only) | No |
| UK Biobank Imaging Study (34), (67), (71), and (72) | To determine relations with dementia And other neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders; to support genetic and biomarker research |
Substudy | 100,000 | UK (entire country) | Longitudinal, variable intervals for subsets | 40-69 | High | Yes3 | All | Retinal imaging, blood samples | Yes, limited | Yes (screening) | Yes |
| North American Alzheimer’s Diseases Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (64) | To understand the progression of Alzheimer’s disease | Standalone study | 2424 | Most US states and Canada (~60 centers) | Longitudinal, 3-12-month intervals (up to 36 months) | 50+ (almost all ≥55) | Caucasian (>90%); Hispanic, Black | Yes (limited) | WGS (subset) | Amyloids and tau PET; CSF (subset, blood samples) | No | Yes (extensive AD-related) | No |
| Japanese ADNI (J-ADNI) (68) | To understand the progression of Alzheimer’s disease | Standalone study | 537 | Japan (approx. 8 centers) | Longitudinal, 6-12-month intervals (up to 36 months) | 60-84 | >99% Japanese | Yes (limited) | Yes | Amyloids and tau PET; CSF (subset, blood samples) | No | Yes (extensive AD-related) | No |
| Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through | To assess age-related changes and the relationship to psychiatric disorders | Primary measures for most working groups | >100,0004 | 45 countries, many centers | Mixed cross-sectional/longitudinal, variable interval | 0-97 | Very high | Yes (extensive, content differs by project focus) | Yes | EEG, MEG, MRS | Variable: extensive for some projects | Limited | No |
| Meta-analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium (69), and (70) | |||||||||||||
