Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population.

From: Association between History of Vaccination and Symptoms at Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Overall population (n = 2566) People with COVID-19 (n = 1733) People without COVID-19 (n = 833)
Male sex 1237 (48.2%) 825 (47.6%) 412 (49.5%)
Age (years) 42 ± 20 41 ± 19 44 ± 21
Risk factors for severe illness
 No risk factor 931 (45.5%) 663 (50.5%) 268 (36.5%)
 1 risk factor 647 (31.6%) 410 (31.2%) 237 (32.3%)
 2 risk factors 263 (12.8%) 151 (11.5%) 112 (15.3%)
 3 risk factors 112 (5.5%) 45 (3.4%) 67 (9.1%)
 4 risk factors 59 (2.9%) 27 (2.1%) 32 (4.4%)
 ≥5 risk factors 36 (1.8%) 18 (1.4%) 18 (2.5%)
History of vaccination for COVID-19
 Unvaccinated 377 (15.7%) 299 (18.4%) 78 (10.1%)
 Vaccinated 2023 (84.3%) 1330 (81.6%) 693 (89.9%)
  Number of vaccinations
   Once 13 (0.6%) 9 (0.7%) 4 (0.6%)
   Twice 1105 (54.6%) 697 (52.4%) 408 (58.9%)
   Three times 823 (40.7%) 567 (42.6%) 256 (36.9%)
   Four times 82 (4.1%) 57 (4.3%) 25 (3.6%)
  Months after the last vaccination
   <2 months 227 (12.1%) 109 (8.8%) 118 (18.3%)
   2-4 months 279 (14.8%) 183 (14.8%) 96 (14.9%)
   4-6 months 609 (32.4%) 412 (33.4%) 197 (30.6%)
   6-8 months 394 (21.0%) 252 (20.4%) 142 (22.0%)
   8-10 months 167 (8.9%) 116 (9.4%) 51 (7.9%)
   >10 months 203 (10.8%) 163 (13.2%) 40 (6.2%)
Table 2. Association between History of Vaccination and Symptoms in People Diagnosed with COVID-19.

From: Association between History of Vaccination and Symptoms at Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Body temperature (°C) Fatigue Headache Rhinorrhea Sore throat Cough
versus <2 months before
2-4 months before 0.01 [−0.29-0.30]
(P = 0.96)
1.34 [0.84-2.16]
(P = 0.22)
1.37 [0.76-2.48]
(P = 0.29)
0.76 [0.47-1.25]
(P = 0.28)
0.87 [0.52-1.46]
(P = 0.60)
1.04 [0.63-1.71]
(P = 0.88)
4-6 months before 0.04 [−0.16-0.24]
(P = 0.68)
1.57 [1.01-2.43]
(P = 0.044)
1.31 [0.79-2.17]
(P = 0.30)
0.69 [0.44-1.07]
(P = 0.096)
1.02 [0.65-1.60]
(P = 0.93)
1.14 [0.72-1.80]
(P = 0.58)
6-8 months before 0.09 [−0.12-0.30]
(P = 0.40)
1.81 [1.15-2.84]
(P = 0.010)
1.28 [0.76-2.15]
(P = 0.35)
0.82 [0.51-1.32]
(P = 0.42)
0.88 [0.55-1.39]
(P = 0.57)
0.90 [0.56-1.44]
(P = 0.65)
8-10 months before 0.27 [0.02-0.53]
(P = 0.037)
2.19 [1.30-3.71]
(P = 0.003)
1.73 [0.88-3.41]
(P = 0.11)
0.68 [0.38-1.20]
(P = 0.18)
0.76 [0.44-1.30]
(P = 0.31)
0.76 [0.45-1.29]
(P = 0.31)
>10 months before 0.34 [0.13-0.55]
(P = 0.002)
2.53 [1.50-4.24]
(P = 0.001)
2.53 [1.46-4.37]
(P = 0.001)
0.52 [0.31-0.89]
(P = 0.018)
0.68 [0.42-1.12]
(P = 0.13)
0.72 [0.44-1.18]
(P = 0.19)
Unvaccinated 0.48 [0.26-0.70]
(P < 0.001)
2.45 [1.51-3.96]
(P < 0.001)
2.17 [1.32-3.56]
(P = 0.002)
0.42 [0.25-0.69]
(P = 0.001)
0.41 [0.25-0.66]
(P < 0.001)
0.59 [0.37-0.94]
(P = 0.027)
versus Unvaccinated
<2 months before −0.48 [−0.70-−0.26]
(P < 0.001)
0.41 [0.25-0.66]
(P < 0.001)
0.46 [0.28-0.76]
(P = 0.002)
2.40 [1.45-3.97]
(P = 0.001)
2.46 [1.52-3.96]
(P < 0.001)
1.70 [1.06-2.71]
(P = 0.027)
2-4 months before −0.47 [−0.65-−0.28]
(P < 0.001)
0.55 [0.37-0.81]
(P = 0.003)
0.63 [0.42-0.96]
(P = 0.030)
1.83 [1.19-2.82]
(P = 0.006)
2.14 [1.45-3.14]
(P < 0.001)
1.76 [1.22-2.54]
(P = 0.002)
4-6 months before −0.44 [−0.58-−0.29]
(P < 0.001)
0.64 [0.47-0.87]
(P = 0.005)
0.60 [0.44-0.83]
(P = 0.002)
1.65 [1.12-2.43]
(P = 0.011)
2.51 [1.81-3.46]
(P < 0.001)
1.93 [1.38-2.68]
(P < 0.001)
6-8 months before −0.39 [−0.54-−0.23]
(P < 0.001)
0.74 [0.52-1.06]
(P = 0.096)
0.59 [0.41-0.84]
(P = 0.004)
1.97 [1.28-3.02]
(P = 0.002)
2.15 [1.50-3.09]
(P < 0.001)
1.52 [1.07-2.16]
(P = 0.020)
8-10 months before −0.20 [−0.40-−0.01]
(P = 0.043)
0.90 [0.56-1.43]
(P = 0.64)
0.80 [0.49-1.32]
(P = 0.37)
1.62 [0.98-2.67]
(P = 0.057)
1.86 [1.21-2.85]
(P = 0.005)
1.29 [0.85-1.95]
(P = 0.23)
>10 months before −0.14 [−0.30-0.03]
(P = 0.11)
1.03 [0.70-1.53]
(P = 0.87)
1.17 [0.80-1.70]
(P = 0.42)
1.26 [0.79-2.00]
(P = 0.34)
1.68 [1.13-2.49]
(P = 0.010)
1.22 [0.84-1.75]
(P = 0.29)
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