| Fourth-degree lacerations | No | Yes | *P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤Second-degree lacerations | Third-degree lacerations | Total | |||
| 19,073 | 236 | 19,309 | 61 | ||
| Maternal age ≥40 years | 807 (4.2) | 7 (3.0) | 814 (4.2) | 3 (4.9) | 0.79 |
| Nulliparity | 10,020 (52.5) | 180 (76.3) | 10,200 (52.8) | 54 (88.5) | <0.01 |
| Neonatal birth weight ≥3500g | 2,141 (11.2) | 18 (7.6) | 2,159 (11.2) | 11 (18.0) | 0.09 |
| Oxytocin use | |||||
| None | 14,847 (77.8) | 182 (77.2) | 15,029 (77.8) | 39 (63.9) | - |
| Yes | 4,226 (22.2) | 54 (22.8) | 4,280 (22.2) | 22 (36.1) | 0.01 |
| Episiotomy | |||||
| None | 11,705 (61.4) | 126 (53.4) | 11,831 (61.3) | 22 (36.1) | - |
| Midline episiotomy | 3,367 (17.6) | 40 (16.9) | 3407 (17.6) | 21 (34.4) | <0.01 |
| Mediolateral episiotomy | 4,001 (21.0) | 70 (29.7) | 4071 (21.0) | 18 (29.5) | <0.01 |
| Delivery mode | |||||
| Normal delivery | 17,450 (91.4) | 204 (86.4) | 17,654 (91.4) | 24 (39.3) | - |
| Vacuum extraction | 1,356 (7.1) | 26 (11.0) | 1382 (7.2) | 27 (44.3) | <0.01 |
| Forceps delivery | 126 (0.7) | 6 (2.5) | 132 (0.7) | 8 (13.1) | <0.01 |
| Breech delivery | 141 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 141 (0.7) | 2 (3.3) | <0.01 |
| Rectovaginal fistula | No | Yes | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19,365 | 5 | ||
| Maternal age ≥40 years | 817 (4.2) | 0 | 1 |
| Nulliparity | 10,250 (52.9) | 5 (100) | 0.097 |
| Neonatal birth weight ≥ 3500g | 2,169 (11.2) | 1 (20) | 1 |
| Oxytocin use | |||
| None | 15,063 (77.8) | 5 (100) | - |
| Yes | 4,302 (22.2) | 0 | 0.51 |
| Episiotomy | |||
| None | 11,852 (61.2) | 0 | - |
| Midline episiotomy | 3,428 (17.8) | 0 | 1 |
| Mediolateral episiotomy | 4,085 (21.1) | 5 (100) | <0.01 |
| Delivery mode | |||
| Normal delivery | 17,678 (91.2) | 0 | - |
| Vacuum extraction | 1,406 (7.2) | 3 (80) | <0.01 |
| Forceps delivery | 140 (0.7) | 2 (20) | <0.01 |
| Breech delivery | 143 (0.7) | 0 | 1 |
| Rectovaginal fistula | No | Yes | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 56 | 5 | ||
| Maternal age ≥40 years | 3 (5.4) | 0 | 1 |
| Nulliparity | 50 (89) | 5 (100) | 1 |
| Neonatal birth weight ≥3500g | 10 (18) | 1 (20) | 1 |
| Oxytocin use | |||
| None | 34 (61) | 5 (100) | - |
| Yes | 22 (39) | 0 | 0.21 |
| Episiotomy | |||
| None | 21 (38) | 0 | - |
| Midline episiotomy | 21 (38) | 0 | 1 |
| Mediolateral episiotomy | 14 (25) | 5 (100) | 0.04 |
| Delivery mode | |||
| Normal delivery | 23 (41) | 0 | - |
| Vacuum extraction | 24 (43) | 3 (80) | 0.29 |
| Forceps delivery | 8 (14) | 2 (20) | 0.16 |
| Breech delivery | 2 (3.6) | 0 | 1 |
