Variables | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
---|---|
Age (years) | 59.0 ± 13.8 |
Sex | |
Male | 275 (48.2) |
Occupation | |
Blue collar | 214 (37.6) |
White collar | 140 (24.6) |
Retired | 215 (37.8) |
Educational level | |
Primary | 79 (13.9) |
Junior high school | 125 (22.0) |
Secondary high school | 160 (28.1) |
University | 205 (36.0) |
Smoking status | |
Yes | 40 (7.0) |
No | 450 (79.1) |
Ex | 79 (13.9) |
Alcohol consumption | |
Regularly | 17 (3.0) |
Sometimes | 141 (24.8) |
No | 411 (72.2) |
Physical activities | |
Active | 93 (16.3) |
Low active | 260 (45.7) |
Sedentary | 216 (38.0) |
Diabetes duration (years) | 5.5 ± 4.9 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 3.3 |
Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.6 ± 2.0 |
Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 8.6 ± 3.9 |
Subscales and items | Mean ± SD | Item-total correlation | Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted | Cronbach’s alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|
FHL (What you thought when reading instructions or leaflets from hospitals/pharmacies) | 3.57 ± 0.97 | 0.931 | ||
fhl1 (Print was too small to read) | 3.50 ± 1.13 | 0.818 | 0.915 | |
fhl2 (There were characters and words that you did not know) | 3.63 ± 1.08 | 0.834 | 0.912 | |
fhl3 (Content was too difficult) | 3.68 ± 1.00 | 0.814 | 0.917 | |
fhl4 (It took a long time to read and understand) | 3.41 ± 1.66 | 0.806 | 0.918 | |
fhl5 (Needed someone to help to read) | 3.62 ± 1.10 | 0.824 | 0.914 | |
CHL (What was done since diagnosed with diabetes) | 3.99 ± 0.59 | 0.810 | ||
chl1 (Collected information from various sources) | 3.68 ± 1.00 | 0.534 | 0.811 | |
chl2 (Extracted the information you wanted) | 3.98 ± 0.72 | 0.596 | 0.774 | |
chl3 (Understood the obtained information) | 4.08 ± 0.71 | 0.673 | 0.753 | |
chl4 (Communicated opinions about your illness) | 4.16 ± 0.68 | 0.628 | 0.767 | |
chl5 (Applied the obtained information to your daily life) | 4.06 ± 0.74 | 0.624 | 0.766 | |
CRHL (What you thought about the information obtained since diagnosed with diabetes) | 4.33 ± 0.64 | 0.928 | ||
crhl1 (Whether the information was applicable) | 4.26 ± 0.70 | 0.797 | 0.917 | |
crhl2 (Whether the information was credible) | 4.39 ± 0.73 | 0.824 | 0.908 | |
crhl3 (Whether the information was valid and reliable) | 4.37 ± 0.69 | 0.890 | 0.887 | |
crhl4 (Sought information for making health-related decisions) | 4.38 ± 0.70 | 0.816 | 0.911 |
Items | Factor loading | ||
---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | |
fhl1 | 0.897 | ||
fhl2 | 0.906 | ||
fhl3 | 0.873 | ||
fhl4 | 0.878 | ||
fhl5 | 0.887 | ||
chl1 | 0.827 | ||
chl2 | 0.739 | ||
chl3 | 0.711 | ||
chl4 | 0.730 | ||
chl5 | 0.755 | ||
crhl1 | 0.838 | ||
crhl2 | 0.891 | ||
crhl3 | 0.960 | ||
crhl4 | 0.931 |
Indicators | Criteria of Hu et al. (18) | Model 1 Original model (3 factors, 14 items) |
Model 2 Proposed model (3 factors, 13 items) |
---|---|---|---|
Chi-squared minimum/degree of freedom (CMIN/DF) | <3.00 | 7.730 | 2.931 |
Goodness-of-fit index (GFI) | >0.90 | 0.877 | 0.963 |
Comparative fit index (CFI) | >0.90 | 0.914 | 0.983 |
Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) | >0.90 | 0.894 | 0.973 |
Root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) | <0.08 | 0.109 | 0.058 |
Probability of close fit (PCLOSE) | >0.05 | 0.000 | 0.101 |
Square root of AVE |
Correlation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subscales | CR | AVE | MSV | fhl | chl | crhl | |
Original model (3 factors, 14 items) | |||||||
fhl | 0.932 | 0.733 | 0.073 | 0.856 | 0.856 | ||
chl | 0.823 | 0.488 | 0.410 | 0.698 | 0.271 | 0.698 | |
crhl | 0.928 | 0.765 | 0.410 | 0.875 | 0.196 | 0.640 | 0.875 |
Proposed model (3 factors, 13 items) | |||||||
fhl | 0.927 | 0.717 | 0.090 | 0.847 | 0.847 | ||
chl | 0.807 | 0.516 | 0.437 | 0.718 | 0.299 | 0.718 | |
crhl | 0.926 | 0.759 | 0.437 | 0.871 | 0.208 | 0.661 | 0.871 |