Figure and Table | Translation and Validation of the Health Literacy Score-14 Questionnaire for Vietnamese Patients with Diabetes

Table 1. Characteristics of Participants (n = 571).

Table 2. Distributional Properties and Internal Consistency.

Subscales and items	Mean ± SD	Item-total correlation	Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted	Cronbach’s alpha
FHL (What you thought when reading instructions or leaflets from hospitals/pharmacies)	3.57 ± 0.97			0.931
fhl1 (Print was too small to read)	3.50 ± 1.13	0.818	0.915
fhl2 (There were characters and words that you did not know)	3.63 ± 1.08	0.834	0.912
fhl3 (Content was too difficult)	3.68 ± 1.00	0.814	0.917
fhl4 (It took a long time to read and understand)	3.41 ± 1.66	0.806	0.918
fhl5 (Needed someone to help to read)	3.62 ± 1.10	0.824	0.914
CHL (What was done since diagnosed with diabetes)	3.99 ± 0.59			0.810
chl1 (Collected information from various sources)	3.68 ± 1.00	0.534	0.811
chl2 (Extracted the information you wanted)	3.98 ± 0.72	0.596	0.774
chl3 (Understood the obtained information)	4.08 ± 0.71	0.673	0.753
chl4 (Communicated opinions about your illness)	4.16 ± 0.68	0.628	0.767
chl5 (Applied the obtained information to your daily life)	4.06 ± 0.74	0.624	0.766
CRHL (What you thought about the information obtained since diagnosed with diabetes)	4.33 ± 0.64			0.928
crhl1 (Whether the information was applicable)	4.26 ± 0.70	0.797	0.917
crhl2 (Whether the information was credible)	4.39 ± 0.73	0.824	0.908
crhl3 (Whether the information was valid and reliable)	4.37 ± 0.69	0.890	0.887
crhl4 (Sought information for making health-related decisions)	4.38 ± 0.70	0.816	0.911

Table 3. Factor Loadings after Promax Rotation with Kaiser Normalization.

Table 4. Model Fit Indices in Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Indicators	Criteria of Hu et al. ⁽¹⁸⁾	Model 1 Original model (3 factors, 14 items)	Model 2 Proposed model (3 factors, 13 items)
Chi-squared minimum/degree of freedom (CMIN/DF)	<3.00	7.730	2.931
Goodness-of-fit index (GFI)	>0.90	0.877	0.963
Comparative fit index (CFI)	>0.90	0.914	0.983
Tucker-Lewis index (TLI)	>0.90	0.894	0.973
Root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA)	<0.08	0.109	0.058
Probability of close fit (PCLOSE)	>0.05	0.000	0.101

Table 5. Convergent and Discriminant Validity.

				Square root of AVE	Correlation
Subscales	CR	AVE	MSV	Square root of AVE	fhl	chl	crhl
Original model (3 factors, 14 items)
fhl	0.932	0.733	0.073	0.856	0.856
chl	0.823	0.488	0.410	0.698	0.271	0.698
crhl	0.928	0.765	0.410	0.875	0.196	0.640	0.875
Proposed model (3 factors, 13 items)
fhl	0.927	0.717	0.090	0.847	0.847
chl	0.807	0.516	0.437	0.718	0.299	0.718
crhl	0.926	0.759	0.437	0.871	0.208	0.661	0.871