Figure and Table | Association between Syphilis Incidence and Dating App Use in Japan

Table 1. Syphilis and App Users in a Total Number of 47 Prefectures, Japan.

From: Association between Syphilis Incidence and Dating App Use in Japan

	Total number of 47 prefectures
	Both sexes	Male	Female
General population (×100,000)	1,267	617	651
Syphilis	5,826	3,931	1,895
HIV infection	1,395	1,319	76
CRE infection	1,660	1,024	636
ISP infection	3,205	1,887	1,318
App 1 users	443,073	258,299	284,774
App 2 users	178,963	102,788	76,175
App 3 users	126,017	72,741	53,276

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Table 2. Syphilis, App Users, and Other Explanatory Variables at the Prefectural Level, Japan.

From: Association between Syphilis Incidence and Dating App Use in Japan

	Median (range)
	Both sexes	Male	Female
Prefectural population (×100,000)	16.3 (5.7–137.2)	7.6 (2.7–67.6)	8.6 (3.0–69.7)
Syphilis incidence	2.34 (0.72–12.90)	3.52 (1.21–18.03)	1.52 (0.19–8.03)
HIV infection incidence	0.64 (0–3.32)	1.24 (0–6.42)	0 (0–0.48)
CRE infection incidence	1.13 (0.27–3.08)	1.32 (0.35–4.25)	0.91 (0.10–3.71)
ISP infection incidence	2.42 (0.78–7.28)	2.93 (0.95–8.32)	1.71 (0–6.27)
App 1 penetration rate	249 (162–744)	230 (151–697)	134 (76–473)
App 2 penetration rate	99 (60–287)	98 (64–338)	59(28–173)
App 3 penetration rate	54 (29–243)	57 (36–209)	38 (20–155)
Foreign national residents per 100,000 population	1,155 (383–3,797)
International overnight guests per 100,000 population	18,678 (1,046–166,018)
Detachment-type sex trade shops per 100,000 population	15.1 (5.9–31.3)
Physician density per 100,000 population	242.4 (160.1–315.9)
Smartphone penetration rate	0.56 (0.46–0.69)

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Table 3. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Analyses between Syphilis Incidence and App Penetration Rates (47 Prefectures).

From: Association between Syphilis Incidence and Dating App Use in Japan

(Both sexes)	Syphilis	HIV	CRE	IPS
Population	0.50^*	0.33^*	0.02	0.03
App 1 penetration rate	0.59^*	0.41^*	0.02	0.29
App 2 penetration rate	0.57^*	0.34^*	0.02	0.25
App 3 penetration rate	0.56^*	0.43^*	0.02	0.27
Foreign national residents per prefectural population	0.46^*	0.33^*	0.01	0.23
International overnight guests per prefectural population	0.19	0.41^*	0.00	0.16
Detachment-type sex trade shop per prefectural population	0.24	0.38^*	0.19	0.38^*
Physician density	0.10	0.27	0.16	0.13
Smartphone penetration rate	0.54^*	0.48^*	0.14	0.15
(Male)	Syphilis	HIV	CRE	IPS
Population	0.44^*	0.34^*	0.13	0.01
App 1 penetration rate	0.43^*	0.30^*	0.05	0.30^*
App 2 penetration rate	0.40^*	0.24	0.06	0.30^*
App 3 penetration rate	0.43^*	0.36^*	0.02	0.26
(Female)	Syphilis	HIV	CRE	ISP
Population	0.52^*	0.33^*	-0.14	-0.02
App 1 penetration rate	0.61^*	0.44^*	-0.20	0.11
App 2 penetration rate	0.63^*	0.41^*	-0.15	0.03
App 3 penetration rate	0.59^*	0.47^*	-0.19	0.12

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Table 4. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Analyses between Syphilis Incidence and App Penetration Rates (36 Prefectures, Removing Prefectures Containing Cities with 1 Million or Higher Population).

From: Association between Syphilis Incidence and Dating App Use in Japan

(Both sexes)	Syphilis	HIV	CRE	IPS
Population	0.27	0.17	-0.13	-0.12
App 1 penetration rate	0.39^*	0.24	-0.21	0.23
App 2 penetration rate	0.37	0.13	-0.22	0.16
App 3 penetration rate	0.37	0.31	-0.25	0.23
Foreign national residents per prefectural population	0.31	0.20	-0.25	0.20
International overnight guests per prefectural population	0.12	0.32	-0.22	0.07
Detachment-type sex trade shop per prefectural population	0.29	0.43^*	-0.33	-0.46^*
Physician density	0.01	0.20	-0.01	0.03
Smartphone penetration rate	0.47^*	0.40^*	-0.40^*	0.10
(Male)	Syphilis	HIV	CRE	IPS
Population	0.25	0.19	0.03	-0.15
App 1 penetration rate	0.22	0.11	-0.11	0.27
App 2 penetration rate	0.13	0.00	-0.13	0.23
App 3 penetration rate	0.23	0.22	-0.16	0.21
(Female)	Syphilis	HIV	CRE	ISP
Population	0.20	0.16	-0.31	-0.16
App 1 penetration rate	0.40^*	0.28	-0.45^*	-0.01
App 2 penetration rate	0.45^*	0.23	-0.38^*	-0.13
App 3 penetration rate	0.37	0.36	-0.42^*	0.05

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Table 5. The Optimized Models for Syphilis Incidence by Multiple Linear Regression Analyses.

From: Association between Syphilis Incidence and Dating App Use in Japan

App 1
	Standard partial regression coefficient	Standard error	T value	P value
Variables
(Intercept)	0.94	0.063	15.0	0
App 1 penetration rate	0.39	0.064	6.0	< 0.001
Detachment-type sex trade shops per prefectural population	0.18	0.064	2.8	0.008
Adjusted R-squared value = 0.49, F-value = 22.97, P-value < 0.001
App 2
Variables	Standard partial regression coefficient	Standard error	T value	P value
(Intercept)	0.94	0.065	14.5	0
App 2 penetration rate	0.37	0.066	5.6	< 0.001
Detachment-type sex trade shops per prefectural population	0.19	0.066	2.8	0.007
Adjusted R-squared value = 0.48, F-value = 20.5, P-value < 0.001
App 3
Variables	Standard partial regression coefficient	Standard error	T value	P Value
(Intercept)	0.94	0.065	14.5	0
App 3 penetration rate	0.37	0.066	5.6	< 0.001
Detachment-type sex trade shops per prefectural population	0.18	0.068	2.6	0.013
Physician density	0.10	0.068	1.4	0.17

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