Table 1. Demographic Characteristics and Social and Health Status by BMI Quartile.

From: Study of the Relationship between Body Mass Index, Body Image, and Lifestyle Behaviors: A Community Survey in Fiji

Male (n = 391) Female (n = 537)
Q1
14.5 ≤ bmi < 22.8
Q2
22.8 ≤ bmi < 26.2
Q3
26.2 ≤ bmi < 30.3
Q4
30.3 ≤ bmi ≤ 52.3
Q1
13.9 ≤ bmi < 25.6
Q2
25.6 ≤ bmi < 30.1
Q3
30.1 ≤ bmi < 33.8
Q4
33.8 ≤ bmi ≤ 61.1
n
97
% n
97
% n
100
% n
97
% p-value n
131
% n
137
% n
131
% n
138
% p-value
Age class
18–29 30 30.9 27 27.8 20 20.0 12 12.4 0.350 50 38.2 28 20.4 22 16.8 20 14.5 0.002
30–39 21 21.7 22 22.7 24 24.0 23 23.7 27 20.6 37 27.0 33 25.2 35 25.4
40–49 19 19.6 19 19.6 25 25.0 26 26.8 18 13.7 24 17.5 23 17.6 29 21.0
50–59 16 16.5 16 16.5 19 19.0 24 24.7 26 19.9 28 20.4 40 30.5 37 26.8
60–69 11 11.3 13 13.4 12 12.0 12 12.4 10 7.6 20 14.6 13 9.9 17 12.3
Ethnicity
iTaukei 34 35.1 53 54.6 56 56.0 73 75.3 <.0001 62 47.3 89 65.0 84 64.1 111 80.4 <.0001
Fijian of Indian descent 62 63.9 40 41.2 40 40.0 20 20.6 68 57.9 47 34.3 42 32.1 22 15.9
Fijian of other descent 1 1.0 4 4.1 4 4.0 4 4.1 1 0.8 1 0.7 5 3.8 5 3.6
Education
Primary school completed or less 53 54.6 43 44.33 35 35.0 39 40.2 0.091 58 44.3 57 41.6 64 48.9 59 42.8 0.893
Secondary school completed 33 34.0 36 37.1 40 40.0 35 36.1 53 40.5 59 43.1 52 39.7 57 41.3
College/University completed or higher 11 11.3 18 18.6 25 25.0 23 23.7 20 15.3 21 15.3 15 11.5 22 15.9
Marital status
Never married 37 38.1 21 21.7 21 21.0 15 15.5 0.008 27 20.6 11 8.0 12 9.2 15 10.9 0.035
Currently married 57 58.8 70 72.2 70 70.0 73 75.3 89 67.9 106 77.4 96 73.3 100 72.5
Others 3 3.1 6 6.2 6 9.0 9 9.3 15 11.5 20 14.1 23 17.6 23 16.7
Main work in the past 12 months
Farmer 31 32.0 27 27.8 15 15.0 16 16.5 0.114 1 0.8 0 0.0 2 1.5 0 0.0 <.0001
Fisher 0 0.0 2 2.1 1 1.0 2 2.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.8 0 0.0
Forestry 2 2.1 3 3.1 0 0.0 1 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Office worker 4 4.1 0 0.0 7 7.0 5 5.2 5 3.8 3 2.2 2 1.5 9 6.5
Professional 8 8.3 10 10.3 12 12.0 14 14.4 2 1.5 6 4.4 4 3.1 9 6.5
Service industry 13 13.4 12 12.4 22 22.0 17 17.5 4 3.1 5 3.7 3 2.3 6 4.4
Student 4 4.1 7 7.2 3 3.0 1 1.0 20 15.3 2 1.5 1 0.8 4 2.9
Housewife 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 1.0 81 61.8 86 62.8 92 70.2 77 55.8
Other 26 26.8 26 26.8 33 33.0 30 30.9 9 6.9 28 20.4 19 14.5 26 18.8
No occupation 9 9.3 10 10.3 7 7.0 10 10.3 9 6.9 7 5.1 7 5.3 7 5.1
Subjective living status
Wealthy or Very comfortable 16 16.5 18 18.6 25 25.0 21 21.7 0.806 35 26.7 31 22.6 25 19.1 28 20.3 0.624
Reasonably comfortable 47 48.5 49 50.5 45 45.0 48 49.5 46 35.1 60 43.8 58 44.3 56 40.6
Just getting along or less 34 35.1 30 30.9 30 30.0 28 28.9 50 38.2 46 33.6 48 36.6 54 39.0
Nutritional status
Categories of HbA1c level, % †
HbA1c < 5.6 61 62.9 62 63.9 60 60.0 64 66.0 0.377 88 67.2 98 71.5 83 63.4 86 62.3 0.143
5.6 ≤ HBb1c < 6.5 26 26.8 18 18.6 19 19.0 20 20.6 24 18.3 24 17.5 22 16.8 36 26.1
6.5 ≤ HbA1c or medication 10 10.3 17 17.5 21 21.0 13 13.4 19 14.5 15 11.0 26 19.9 16 11.6
Categories of blood pressure level, mmHg ‡
Normal 53 54.6 32 33.0 19 19.0 11 11.3 <.0001 88 67.2 49 35.8 33 25.2 23 16.7 <.0001
Pre-hypertension 38 39.2 55 56.7 62 62.0 60 61.9 34 26.0 69 50.4 70 53.4 65 47.1
Hypertension 6 6.2 10 10.3 19 19.0 26 26.8 9 6.9 19 13.9 28 21.4 50 36.2
Table 2. Lifestyle Behaviors by BMI Quartile.

From: Study of the Relationship between Body Mass Index, Body Image, and Lifestyle Behaviors: A Community Survey in Fiji

Male (n = 391) Female (n = 537)
Q1
14.5 ≤ bmi < 22.8
Q2
22.8 ≤ bmi < 26.2
Q3
26.2 ≤ bmi < 30.3
Q4
30.3 ≤ bmi ≤ 52.3
Q1
13.9 ≤ bmi < 25.6
Q2
25.6 ≤ bmi < 30.1
Q3
30.1 ≤ bmi < 33.8
Q4
33.8 ≤ bmi < 61.1
n
131
%
24.4
n
137
%
25.5
n
133
%
24.4
n
138
%
25.7
p-value n
131
%
24.4
n
137
%
25.5
n
131
%
24.4
n
138
%
25.7
p-value
Dietary habit (stage)
I am not interested in change 6 6.2 0 0.0 4 4.0 5 5.2 0.458 6 4.6 6 4.4 3 2.3 6 4.4 0.087
I am going to change the behavior in 6 months 8 8.3 11 11.3 14 14.0 12 12.4 17 13.0 26 19.0 15 11.5 13 9.4
I am ready to take action within the next 30 days 58 59.8 62 63.9 62 62.0 54 55.7 74 56.5 84 61.3 85 64.9 99 71.7
I have changed the behavior more than 6 months ago 25 25.8 24 24.7 20 20.0 26 26.8 34 26.0 21 15.3 28 21.4 20 14.5
Physical activity habit (stage)
I am not interested in change 7 7.2 0 0.0 3 3.0 5 5.2 0.179 5 3.8 3 2.2 3 2.3 7 5.1 0.022
I am going to change the behavior in 6 months 7 7.2 10 10.3 17 17.0 11 11.3 18 13.7 23 16.8 16 12.2 17 12.3
I am ready to take action within the next 30 days 57 58.8 61 62.9 59 59.0 58 59.8 75 57.3 89 65.0 85 64.9 103 74.6
I have changed the behavior more than 6 months ago 26 26.8 26 26.8 21 21.0 23 23.7 33 25.2 22 16.1 27 20.6 11 8.0
Smoking (currently)
Yes 55 56.7 42 43.3 39 39.0 26 26.8 0.0004 15 11.5 18 13.1 16 12.2 22 15.9 0.714
No 42 43.3 55 56.7 61 61.0 71 73.2 116 88.6 119 86.9 115 87.8 116 84.1
Alcohol consumption (past 12 months)
Dairy 7 7.2 1 1.0 1 1.0 2 2.1 0.042 1 0.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.724
5–6 days a week 1 1.0 0 0.0 3 3.0 1 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
1–4 days a week 9 9.3 9 9.3 14 14.0 7 7.2 2 1.5 3 2.2 2 1.5 3 2.2
1–3 days per month 21 21.7 23 23.7 16 16.0 12 12.4 7 5.3 6 4.4 5 3.8 11 8.0
Less than once a month/never 59 60.8 64 66.0 66 66.0 75 77.3 121 92.4 128 93.4 124 94.7 124 81.0
Table 3. Factors in Higher Obesity Related to Body Image and Lifestyles Behaviors (Male).

From: Study of the Relationship between Body Mass Index, Body Image, and Lifestyle Behaviors: A Community Survey in Fiji

Model 1 Model 2
OR 95%CI p-value OR 95%CI p-value
Perception of body image Appropriate
(no: underestimate)
yes 1.00 1.00
no 3.57 2.20 5.81 <.0001 3.22 1.94 5.35 <.0001
Dietary habit Have changed behavior more than 6 months ago yes 1.00 1.00
no 1.34 0.76 2.36 0.306 1.49 0.82 2.70 0.192
Physical activity Have changed behavior more than 6 months ago yes 1.00 1.00
no 1.46 0.83 2.56 0.190 1.61 0.89 2.93 0.116
Smoking Currently smoke yes 1.00 1.00
no 1.71 1.04 2.83 0.036 1.53 0.90 2.61 0.120
Alcohol consumption Less than once a month/never past 12 months yes 1.00 1.00
no 0.89 0.53 1.50 0.655 0.81 0.47 1.39 0.439
Table 4. Factors in Higher Obesity Related to Body Image and Lifestyle Behaviors (Female).

From: Study of the Relationship between Body Mass Index, Body Image, and Lifestyle Behaviors: A Community Survey in Fiji

Model 1 Model 2
OR 95%CI p-value OR 95%CI p-value
Perception of body image Appropriate
(no: underestimate)
yes 1.00 1.00
no 17.05 9.78 29.71 <.0001 18.11 10.10 32.47 <.0001
Dietary habit Have changed behavior more than 6 months ago yes 1.00 1.00
no 1.21 0.75 1.95 0.435 1.22 0.74 2.02 0.431
Physical activity Have changed behavior more than 6 months ago yes 1.00 1.00
no 1.62 0.98 2.68 0.060 1.49 0.88 2.52 0.142
Smoking Currently smoke yes 1.00 1.00
no 1.15 0.66 2.00 0.628 1.05 0.58 1.90 0.864
Alcohol consumption Less than once a month/none past 12 months yes 1.00 1.00
no 1.46 0.70 3.06 0.317 1.60 0.74 3.50 0.235
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