| Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|
| n = 499 | n = 551 | |
| Age, years | 75 [69, 81] | 76 [70, 82] |
| Height, cm | 163 [158, 167] | 150 [145, 154] |
| Weight, kg | 60 [54, 66] | 50 [45, 57] |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 191 (38.3) | 514 (93.3) |
| Former | 208 (41.7) | 27 (4.9) |
| Current | 100 (20.0) | 10 (1.8) |
| Independent physical activity | 28 (5.6) | 43 (7.8) |
| Dementia | 9 (1.8) | 27 (4.9) |
| Comorbidity | ||
| Hypertension | 271 (54.3) | 305 (55.4) |
| Dyslipidemia | 111 (22.2) | 193 (35.0) |
| DM | 94 (18.8) | 81 (14.7) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 48 (9.6) | 11 (2.0) |
| History of heart failure | 14 (2.8) | 10 (1.8) |
| PAD | 12 (2.4) | 4 (0.7) |
| Liver cirrhosis | 4 (0.8) | 1 (0.2) |
| ESRD | 7 (1.4) | 11 (2.0) |
| History of stroke | 56 (11.2) | 35 (6.4) |
| Neuromuscular disease | 7 (1.4) | 8 (1.5) |
| Psychiatric disorder | 20 (4.0) | 35 (6.4) |
| Operative indication | ||
| Malignant tumor | 106 (21.2) | 116 (21.1) |
| Respiratory function | ||
| VC, L | 3.25 [2.80, 3.66] | 2.30 [2.00, 2.62] |
| FVC, L | 3.11 [2.69, 3.53] | 2.25 [1.94, 2.53] |
| FEV1, L | 2.33 [1.96, 2.72] | 1.76 [1.51, 2.01] |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 75.7 [70.2, 80.1] | 79.0 [74.6, 83.2] |
| VC | FVC | FEV1 | FEV1/FVC | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VC, mL | Pvalue | FVC, mL | Pvalue | FEV1, mL | Pvalue | FEV1/FVC, % | Pvalue | |
| Age, 10 years | –210 (–256, –165) | <0.001 | –223 (–269, –177) | <0.001 | –218 (–256, –179) | <0.001 | –1.7 (–2.5, –0.9) | <0.001 |
| Height, 10 cm | 360 (308, 412) | <0.001 | 361 (308, 415) | <0.001 | 231 (186, 275) | <0.001 | –1.7 (–2.6, –0.8) | <0.001 |
| Weight, 10 kg | 17 (–18, 53) | 0.34 | 9 (–27, 45) | 0.63 | 21 (–9, 52) | 0.17 | 0.6 (0, 1.2) | 0.080 |
| Gender, male | 481 (393, 569) | <0.001 | 432 (342, 521) | <0.001 | 325 (251, 400) | <0.001 | –0.6 (–2.2, 0.9) | 0.42 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Former | –14 (–94, 66) | 0.73 | –13 (–95, 68) | 0.75 | –89 (–158, –21) | 0.010 | –2.4 (–3.8, –1.0) | <0.001 |
| Current | –10 (–113, 94) | 0.85 | –18 (–123, 88) | 0.74 | –189 (–278, –101) | <0.001 | –5.6 (–7.4, –3.7) | <0.001 |
| Independent physical activity | –358 (–478, –237) | <0.001 | –299 (–424, –175) | <0.001 | –218 (–322, –113) | <0.001 | 1.5 (–1.0, 3.3) | 0.29 |
| Dementia | 148 (–13, 309) | 0.071 | 71 (–93, 235) | 0.40 | 10 (–127, 148) | 0.88 | –2.1 (–4.9, 0.8) | 0.15 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| Hypertension | –25 (–85, 34) | 0.40 | –39 (–99, 22) | 0.21 | –47 (–97, 4) | 0.071 | –0.7 (–1.8, 0.3) | 0.17 |
| Dyslipidemia | –11 (–75, 53) | 0.74 | –1 (–66, 64) | 0.97 | –59 (–113, 0) | 0.035 | –1.7 (–2.9, –0.6) | 0.002 |
| DM | –159 (–238, –80) | <0.001 | –147 (–228, –67) | 0.003 | –44 (–111, 24) | 0.20 | 2.1 (0.7, 3.4) | 0.004 |
| Ischemic heart disease | –63 (–191, 66) | 0.34 | –65 (–196, 66) | 0.33 | –67 (–177, 42) | 0.23 | –1.1 (–3.4, 1.1) | 0.34 |
| History of heart failure | –331 (–524, –139) | <0.001 | –341 (–537, –145) | <0.001 | –294 (–458, –131) | <0.001 | –1.4 (–4.8, 2.0) | 0.42 |
| PAD | –12 (–241, 217) | 0.92 | –65 (–298, 169) | 0.53 | –179 (–374, 15) | 0.071 | –4.3 (–8.3, –0.3) | 0.034 |
| Liver cirrhosis | –60 (–462, 341) | 0.77 | –122 (–531, 286) | 0.56 | –54 (–395, 287) | 0.75 | 2.6 (–4.4, 9.6) | 0.47 |
| ESRD | –272 (–488, –56) | 0.014 | –260 (–480, –40) | 0.021 | –136 (–320, 47) | 0.15 | 2.6 (–1.1, 6.4) | 0.17 |
| History of stroke | –54 (–154, 46) | 0.29 | –33 (–134, 69) | 0.53 | –24 (–109, 60) | 0.57 | 0.5 (–1.3, 2.2) | 0.58 |
| Neuromuscular disease | –378 (–612, –143) | 0.002 | –336 (–537, –145) | 0.006 | –241 (–441, –42) | 0.018 | 2.4 (–1.7, 6.5) | 0.26 |
| Psychiatric disorder | –280 (–404, –155) | <0.001 | –182 (–312, –52) | 0.006 | –94 (–205, 17) | 0.096 | 0 (–2.3, 2.3) | 0.99 |
| Operative indication | ||||||||
| Malignant tumor | –63 (–130, 5) | 0.069 | –54 (–123, 15) | 0.12 | –46 (–104, 12) | 0.12 | –0.8 (–1.9, 0.4) | 0.21 |
