Table 1. Summary of Clinical Manifestations of Five Patients.

From: Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Support Tool for Childhood Takayasu Arteritis Referred to as Fever of Unknown Origin: Case Series and Literature Review

Case No. Sex/Age at onset Clinical symptoms other than fever Applicable number to EULAR-PRINTO-PRES criteria/presence of bruit Laboratory data at diagnosis Duration from onset to diagnosis (days) ITAS2010 at diagnosis Treatment Follow-up status at most recent US date
CRP (mg/dL) ESR (mm/h) Induction therapy Present therapy ITAS2010 VDI Follow-up period (months)
1 F/12 years Knee pain 3/Yes 7.8 129 25 9 MPT PSL/AZP/MTX 0 1 53
2 M/9 years Abdominal pain 1/No 8.2 132 21 1 MPT PSL/AZP 0 1 55
3 M/12 years Abdominal pain 2/Yes 10.4 106 15 3 MPT/IVCY MMF 0 2 70
4 F/11 years Lymphadenopathy 4/Yes 3.0 113 35 11 MPT/IVCY None 0 1 91
5 F/5 months Cough 2/No 11.5 132 37 0 MPT/IVCY None 0 0 60
Table 2. Arterial Findings Compared between Ultrasonography and Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography.

From: Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Support Tool for Childhood Takayasu Arteritis Referred to as Fever of Unknown Origin: Case Series and Literature Review

Case No. Abdominal arteries (US/CECT) Cervical arteries (US/CECT) US undetectable lesions detected by CECT
AAo CA Right RA Left RA SMA Right CCA Left CCA
1 −/+ −/− −/+ −/− +/+ −/− +/+ Wall thickening of the left subclavian artery and trunk of right renal artery
2 −/- −/− −/− −/− −/− −/+ +/+ None
3 −/− +/+ −/− −/− +/+ −/− +/+ None
4 −/+ −/+ −/− −/− +/+ +/− −/+ None
5 +/+ +/+ −/− −/− +/− NA NA None
Table 3. Summary of Literature Review on TA Cases Detected by Initial US Screening among Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin.

From: Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Support Tool for Childhood Takayasu Arteritis Referred to as Fever of Unknown Origin: Case Series and Literature Review

Study Sex/Age at onset (years) Clinical symptoms other than fever Applicable number to EULAR-PRINTO-PRES criteria/Presence of a bruit Laboratory data at diagnosis Duration from onset to diagnosis (months) US/Definitive image Modality for definitive diagnosis Follow-up period (months) Present therapy Relapse
CRP (mg/dL) ESR (mm/h) Abdominal Cervical/Thoracic
Tachibana et al F/20 Pain throughout entire body 1/No 7.5 99 4 NA/+ +/+ CTA 6 PSL/MTX Yes
Goel et al M/18 Dyspnea 1/No 6.0 35 6 +/+ +/+ CTA 3 PSL/MTX No
Sasae et al F/20 Periumbilical pain 2/No 9.1 119 3 +/+ +/+ CTA 4 PSL No
Sada et al F/19 Malaise 1/No 31.2 145 6 NA/NA +/+ CTA 24 PSL/MTX No
Agostinis et al M/75 Cough and neck pain 1/No 15.1 85 3 NA/+ +/+ FDG-PET 6 PSL/MTX No
Gupta et al F/20 Painful nodular skin lesions 2/No 15.2 77 12 +/+ NA/+ MRA NA PSL No
Ahasan et al F/20 Pain in all four limbs 2/No 1.2 62 2 +/NA NA/NA NA NA PSL NA
Thai et al F/14 Pain in left upper extremity 4/Yes 21000.0 154 4 NA/NA +/NA MRA NA PSL NA
Skoura et al F/54 None 1/No 2.0 80 NA +/NA NA/+ FDG-PET 6 PSL NA
Uthman et al F/28 None 1/No NA 150 18 NA/NA +/+ DSA 5 PSL/MTX NA
KiŞla Ekİncİ et al F/12 Painful lesion on the face 1/No 14.8 116 2 +/+ +/+ MRA 18 PSL/MTX/MM F Yes
Schmidt et al F/38 Joint pain 1/No 3.6 92 12 NA/NA +/+ DSA 14 PSL/AZP No
F/27 Joint pain 1/No 24.6 120 36 NA/NA +/+ DSA 8 PSL/MTX Yes
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