From: Polyvascular Disease and the Incidence of Cancer in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Characteristic | Overall | Crude analysis | P-value | Propensity score-matched analysis | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CAD only | Polyvascular disease | CAD only | Polyvascular disease | ||||
N = 8856 | N = 8140 | N = 716 | N = 713 | N = 713 | |||
Age, y | 70 ± 11 (71, 63-78) |
69 ± 12 (71, 62-77) |
74 ± 9 (75, 69-80) |
<0.0001 | 74 ± 9 (75, 69-80) |
74 ± 9 (75, 69-80) |
0.9416 |
Male, no. (%) | 6659 (74.1) |
5980 (73.5) |
579 (80.9) |
<0.0001 | 577 (80.9) |
576 (80.8) |
0.9463 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24 ± 3 (24, 22-26) |
24 ± 3 (24, 22-26) |
24 ± 3 (24, 22-26) |
0.5601 | 24 ± 9 (24, 22-26) |
25 ± 8 (24, 22-26) |
0.8306 |
Hypertension, no. (%) | 4915 (55.5) |
4444 (54.6) |
471 (65.8) |
<0.0001 | 475 (66.6) |
468 (65.6) |
0.6953 |
Dyslipidemia, no. (%) | 5021 (56.7) |
4637 (57.0) |
384 (53.6) |
0.0907 | 434 (60.9) |
383 (53.7) |
0.0063 |
Diabetes mellitus, no. (%) | 2384 (26.9) |
2174 (26.7) |
210 (29.3) |
0.1351 | 220 (30.9) |
209 (29.3) |
0.5253 |
Chronic kidney disease, no. (%) | 949 (10.7) |
785 (9.6) |
164 (22.9) |
<0.0001 | 154 (21.6) |
161 (22.6) |
0.7018 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no. (%) | 159 (1.8) |
127 (1.6) |
32 (4.5) |
<0.0001 | 29 (4.1) |
29 (4.1) |
1 |
Previous stroke, no. (%) | 225 (2.5) |
188 (2.3) |
37 (5.2) |
<0.0001 | 22 (3.1) |
36 (5.1) |
0.0805 |
Cigarette smoking, no. (%) | 4300 (48.9) |
3840 (47.2) |
460 (64.3) |
<0.0001 | 460 (64.5) |
457 (64.1) |
0.8683 |
Stable ischemic heart disease, no. (%) | 8404 (94.9) |
7714 (94.8) |
690 (96.4) |
0.0628 | 675 (94.7) |
687 (96.3) |
0.1590 |
Acute coronary syndrome, no. (%) | 452 (5.1) |
426 (5.2) |
26 (3.6) |
0.0628 | 38 (5.3) |
26 (3.7) |
0.1248 |
Previous myocardial infarction, no. (%) | 2693 (30.4) |
2429 (29.8) |
264 (36.9) |
0.0001 | 255 (35.8) |
263 (36.9) |
0.6569 |
History of heart failure, no. (%) | 388 (4.4) |
345 (4.2) |
43 (6.0) |
0.0354 | 30 (4.2) |
42 (5.9) |
0.1830 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 57 ± 10 (61, 54-64) |
58 ± 10 (61, 54-64) |
57 ± 11 (61, 53-64) |
0.3917 | 57 ± 11 (61, 53-64) |
57 ± 11 (61, 53-64) |
0.7928 |
Percutaneous coronary intervention, no. (%) | 3682 (41.6) |
3412 (41.9) |
270 (37.7) |
0.0296 | 339 (47.6) |
267 (37.5) |
0.0001 |
Coronary artery bypass grafting, no. (%) | 1172 (13.2) |
1022 (12.6) |
150 (21.0) |
<0.0001 | 98 (13.7) |
150 (21.0) |
0.0004 |
History of aortic dissection, no. (%) | 52 (0.6) |
- | 52 (7.3) |
- | - | 52 (7.3) |
- |
Aortic aneurysm, no. (%) | 343 (3.9) |
- | 343 (47.9) |
- | - | 342 (48.0) |
- |
Peripheral arterial disease, no. (%) | 273 (3.1) |
- | 273 (38.1) |
- | - | 271 (38.0) |
- |
Other arterial diseases, no. (%) | 70 (0.8) |
- | 70 (9.8) |
- | - | 70 (9.8) |
- |
Medications at final follow-up | |||||||
Antiplatelets, no. (%) | 4707 (53.2) |
4322 (53.1) |
385 (53.8) |
0.7285 | 386 (54.1) |
383 (53.7) |
0.9154 |
Anticoagulants, no. (%) | 1449 (16.3) |
1302 (16.0) |
147 (20.5) |
0.0017 | 135 (18.9) |
147 (20.6) |
0.4646 |
Renin-angiotensin inhibitors, no. (%) | 3342 (37.7) |
3049 (37.5) |
293 (40.9) |
0.0704 | 294 (41.2) |
291 (40.8) |
0.9143 |
Beta-blockers, no. (%) | 3826 (43.2) |
3497 (43.0) |
329 (46.0) |
0.1250 | 331 (46.4) |
329 (46.1) |
0.9576 |
Calcium-channel blockers, no. (%) | 3448 (38.9) |
3155 (38.8) |
293 (40.9) |
0.2631 | 273 (38.3) |
291 (40.8) |
0.3572 |
Diuretics, no. (%) | 1030 (11.6) |
908 (11.2) |
122 (17.0) |
<0.0001 | 106 (14.9) |
122 (17.1) |
0.2784 |
Statins, no. (%) | 4239 (47.9) |
3923 (48.2) |
316 (44.1) |
0.0386 | 332 (46.6) |
315 (44.2) |
0.3947 |
Length of follow-up, days | 1072 ± 503 (1095, 719-1469) |
1074 ± 505 (1094, 720-1470) |
1050 ± 484 (1098, 700-1467) |
0.2317 | 1072 ± 493 (1099, 701-1469) |
1049 ± 484 (1096, 697-1467) |
0.3615 |
From: Polyvascular Disease and the Incidence of Cancer in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Cancer site, no. (%) | CAD only N = 396 |
Polyvascular disease N = 63 |
P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Oral cavity and pharynx | 12 (3.0) | 2 (3.2) | 0.9507 |
Digestive system | 183 (46.2) | 28 (44.4) | 0.7937 |
Esophagus | 12 (3.0) | 3 (4.8) | 0.4727 |
Stomach | 64 (16.2) | 6 (9.5) | 0.1734 |
Small intestine | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0.4230 |
Colon | 52 (13.1) | 7 (11.1) | 0.6563 |
Rectum | 6 (1.5) | 1 (1.6) | 0.9654 |
Anus, anal canal & anorectum | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0000 |
Liver and intrahepatic bile duct | 22 (5.6) | 8 (12.7) | 0.0331 |
Gallbladder and biliary tract | 10 (2.5) | 1 (1.6) | 0.6512 |
Pancreas | 12 (3.0) | 2 (3.2) | 0.9507 |
Other digestive system | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0.6897 |
Respiratory system | 57 (14.4) | 11 (17.5) | 0.5245 |
Larynx | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 0.4882 |
Lung and bronchus | 53 (13.4) | 11 (17.5) | 0.3856 |
Other respiratory organs | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0.6897 |
Bones and joints | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.5719 |
Soft tissues (including heart) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0000 |
Skin | 9 (2.3) | 1 (1.6) | 0.7292 |
Breast | 12 (3.0) | 0 (0) | 0.1615 |
Genital system | 64 (16.2) | 9 (14.3) | 0.7053 |
Uterine cervix and corpus | 5 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0.3698 |
Ovary | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0.6897 |
Prostate | 56 (14.1) | 9 (14.3) | 0.9757 |
Other genital organs | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0.5719 |
Urinary system | 37 (9.3) | 7 (11.1) | 0.6580 |
Urinary bladder | 21 (5.3) | 4 (6.3) | 0.7340 |
Kidney and renal pelvis | 14 (3.5) | 2 (3.2) | 0.8847 |
Ureter and other urinary organs | 2 (0.5) | 1 (1.6) | 0.3221 |
Eye and orbit | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0000 |
Brain and nervous system | 1 (0.3) | 1 (1.6) | 0.1352 |
Endocrine system | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0000 |
Lymphoma | 9 (2.3) | 2 (3.2) | 0.6637 |
Myeloma | 4 (1.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0.6818 |
Leukemia | 6 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0.3254 |
Other and unspecified primary sites | 0 (0) | 1 (1.6) | 0.0121 |
From: Polyvascular Disease and the Incidence of Cancer in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Variable | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chi-squared | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) |
P-value | Chi-squared | Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) |
P-value | |
Age, for each 1 year | 122.355 | 1.055 (1.044-1.066) |
<0.0001 | 120.687 | 1.057 (1.046-1.068) |
<0.0001 |
Male | 25.016 | 1.813 (1.423-2.343) |
<0.0001 | 34.475 | 2.113 (1.630-2.770) |
<0.0001 |
Hypertension | 8.221 | 1.316 (1.090-1.593) |
0.0041 | 2.301 | 1.159 (0.958-1.407) |
0.1293 |
Chronic kidney disease | 19.491 | 1.785 (1.393-2.258) |
<0.0001 | 4.403 | 1.312 (1.019-1.670) |
0.0359 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3.969 | 1.806 (1.011-2.953) |
0.0464 | 0.710 | 1.270 (0.708-2.085) |
0.3995 |
Cigarette smoking | 3.325 | 1.186 (0.987-1.425) |
0.0682 | 0.179 | 1.043 (0.858-1.270) |
0.0672 |
Polyvascular disease | 17.952 | 1.858 (1.412-2.405) |
<0.0001 | 4.639 | 1.362 (1.029-1.774) |
0.0312 |
From: Polyvascular Disease and the Incidence of Cancer in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Characteristic | one coexisting vascular disease N = 694 |
two coexisting vascular diseases N = 22 |
P value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 74 ± 9 (75, 69-80) |
76 ± 8 (74, 72-83) |
0.1739 |
Male, no. (%) | 562 (81.0) | 17 (77.3) | 0.5906 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24 ± 3 (24, 22-26) |
25 ± 4 (24, 22-26) |
0.1761 |
Hypertension, no. (%) | 460 (66.3) | 11 (50.0) | 0.1688 |
Dyslipidemia, no. (%) | 373 (53.8) | 11 (50.0) | 0.8291 |
Diabetes mellitus, no. (%) | 206 (29.7) | 4 (18.2) | 0.3421 |
Chronic kidney disease, no. (%) | 159 (22.9) | 5 (22.7) | 1.0000 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no. (%) | 30 (4.3) | 2 (9.1) | 0.2575 |
Previous stroke, no. (%) | 36 (5.2) | 1 (4.6) | 1.0000 |
Cigarette smoking, no. (%) | 446 (64.3) | 14 (63.6) | 1.0000 |
Stable ischemic heart disease, no. (%) | 668 (96.3) | 22 (100) | 1.0000 |
Acute coronary syndrome, no. (%) | 26 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 1.0000 |
Previous myocardial infarction, no. (%) | 251 (36.2) | 13 (59.1) | 0.0411 |
History of heart failure, no. (%) | 41 (5.9) | 2 (9.1) | 0.3856 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 57 ± 11 (61, 53-64) |
50 ± 14 (52, 44-62) |
0.0059 |
Percutaneous coronary intervention, no. (%) | 257 (37.0) | 13 (59.1) | 0.0441 |
Coronary artery bypass grafting, no. (%) | 147 (21.2) | 3 (13.6) | 0.5942 |
History of aortic dissection, no. (%) | 51 (7.4) | 1 (4.6) | 1.0000 |
Aortic aneurysm, no. (%) | 322 (46.4) | 21 (95.4) | <0.0001 |
Peripheral artery disease, no. (%) | 251 (36.2) | 22 (100) | <0.0001 |
Other arterial diseases, no. (%) | 70 (10.1) | - | - |
Medications at final follow-up Antiplatelets, no. (%) | 372 (53.6) | 13 (59.1) | 0.6688 |
Anticoagulants, no. (%) | 142 (20.5) | 5 (22.7) | 0.7896 |
Renin-angiotensin inhibitors, no. (%) | 284 (40.9) | 9 (40.9) | 1.0000 |
Beta-blockers, no. (%) | 322 (46.4) | 7 (31.8) | 0.1983 |
Calcium-channel blockers, no. (%) | 285 (41.1) | 8 (36.4) | 0.8246 |
Diuretics, no. (%) | 116 (16.7) | 6 (27.3) | 0.2427 |
Statins, no. (%) | 308 (44.4) | 8 (36.4) | 0.5184 |
All-cause death, no. (%) | 103 (14.8) | 6 (27.3) | 0.1272 |
Cardiovascular death, no. (%) | 36 (5.2) | 1 (4.6) | 1.0000 |
Cancer death, no. (%) | 16 (2.3) | 2 (9.1) | 0.1025 |
Length of follow-up, days | 1046 ± 482 (1096, 697-1464) |
1174 ± 549 (1199, 666-1600) |
0.2223 |