From: Self-rated Health and Related Factors before and during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan
| Variable | S-2018 | S-2019 | S-2020 | P1 | P2 | P3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n, overall | 1824 | 1721 | 2395 | ||||||
| Age, mean SD | 56.8, 16.6 | 56.1, 17.5 | 56.8, 17.1 | ||||||
| n, male (%) | 799 | (42.8) | 759 | (44.1) | 1032 | (43.1) | 0.794 | ||
| n, female (%) | 1025 | (56.2) | 962 | (55.9) | 1363 | (56.9) | |||
| Self-rated health (SRH) (%) | |||||||||
| Very good | 242 | (13.3) | 201 | (11.8) | 169 | (7.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Fairly good | 1007 | (55.2) | 948 | (55.5) | 1192 | (50.4) | S-2018 vs. S-2019: 0.926 | ||
| Neither good nor bad | 321 | (17.6) | 327 | (19.1) | 567 | (24.0) | S-2018 vs. S-2020: <0.001 | ||
| Fairly bad | 225 | (12.3) | 209 | (12.2) | 369 | (15.6) | S-2019 vs. S-2020: <0.001 | ||
| Bad | 28 | (1.5) | 24 | (1.4) | 67 | (2.8) | |||
| Subjective economic status (SES) (%) | |||||||||
| Very good | 190 | (10.4) | 236 | (13.8) | 202 | (8.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Fairly good | 684 | (37.5) | 569 | (33.3) | 747 | (31.6) | S-2018 vs. S-2019: 0.855 | ||
| Neither good nor bad | 604 | (33.1) | 538 | (31.5) | 758 | (32.1) | S-2018 vs. S-2020: <0.001 | ||
| Fairly bad | 291 | (16.0) | 314 | (18.4) | 516 | (21.8) | S-2019 vs. S-2020: <0.001 | ||
| Bad | 54 | (3.0) | 52 | (3.0) | 141 | (6.0) | |||
| Healthy behaviors for preventing lifestyle-related diseases (%) | |||||||||
| Usually | 426 | (23.4) | 447 | (26.2) | 280 | (11.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Often | 809 | (44.5) | 702 | (41.1) | 1248 | (52.8) | S-2018 vs. S-2019: 0.647 | ||
| Rarely | 503 | (27.6) | 448 | (26.2) | 767 | (32.4) | S-2018 vs. S-2020: <0.001 | ||
| Never | 79 | (4.3) | 107 | (6.3) | 69 | (2.9) | S-2019 vs. S-2020: <0.001 | ||
| Do not know | 6 | (0.3) | 5 | (0.3) | 0 | (0.0) | |||
| City size of living area | |||||||||
| Big cities | 90 | (4.9) | 93 | (5.4) | 153 | (6.5) | 0.409 | 0.136 | |
| Medium-sized cities (cities with a population of 200,000 or more) | 373 | (20.5) | 362 | (21.2) | 489 | (20.7) | |||
| Medium-sized cities (cities with a population of 100,000 or more) | 728 | (39.9) | 698 | (40.8) | 970 | (41.0) | |||
| Small cities (cities with less than 100,000 inhabitants) | 455 | (25.0) | 392 | (22.9) | 529 | (22.4) | |||
| Towns and villages | 177 | (9.7) | 164 | (9.6) | 223 | (9.4) | |||
From: Self-rated Health and Related Factors before and during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan
| Self-rated health (SRH) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable/category | Good/fairly good/ neither good nor bad |
Fairly bad/bad | Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Subjective economic status (SES) | ||||||||
| S-2018 | Good/fairly good/neither good nor bad | 1319 (72.4%) | 159 (8.7%) | 3.11 | 2.33-4.15 | 3.09 | 2.30-4.15 | <0.001 |
| Fairly bad/bad | 251 (13.8%) | 94 (5.2%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| S-2019 | Good/fairly good/neither good nor poor | 1203 (70.4%) | 140 (8.2%) | 2.93 | 2.18-3.93 | 2.84 | 2.11-3.83 | <0.001 |
| Fairly bad/bad | 273 (16.0%) | 93 (5.4%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| S-2020 | Good/fairly good/neither good nor poor | 1505 (63.7%) | 202 (8.5%) | 4.12 | 3.32-5.12 | 4.01 | 3.17-4.93 | <0.001 |
| Fairly bad/bad | 423 (17.9%) | 234 (9.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Healthy behaviors for preventing lifestyle-related diseases | ||||||||
| S-2018 | Always/often | 1080 (59.4%) | 155 (8.5%) | 1.40 | 1.06-1.83 | 1.56 | 1.16-2.10 | 0.003 |
| Rarely/never | 485 (26.7%) | 97 (5.3%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| S-2019 | Always/often | 1004 (58.9%) | 145 (8.5%) | 1.29 | 0.97-1.72 | 1.39 | 1.02-1.89 | 0.035 |
| Rarely/never | 468 (27.5%) | 87 (5.1%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| S-2020 | Always/often | 1301 (55.0%) | 227 (9.6%) | 1.91 | 1.55-2.36 | 2.01 | 1.56-2.48 | <0.001 |
| Rarely/never | 627 (26.5%) | 209 (8.8%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
